Dewi Desak M S K, Sebayang Susy K, Lailiyah Syifa'ul
Research Group for Health and Well-being of Women and Children, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi Campus, East Java, Indonesia.
Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi Campus, East Java, Indonesia.
Tob Induc Dis. 2020 Jan 23;18:06. doi: 10.18332/tid/115798. eCollection 2020.
There are weak regulations and controls on tobacco sales to adolescents in Indonesia, and these may have contributed to the increase in smoking prevalence among adolescents in the country. Our study aims to calculate the density of cigarette retailers near schools and ascertain the factors associated with sales to minors.
We conducted geographical mapping by recording the GPS position of cigarette retailers in 15 locations in Banyuwangi District, Indonesia, to assess the density and proximity of cigarette retailers to schools. We interviewed randomly selected retailers, from the geographical mapping, for information on sales to minors, the cheapest price cigarettes are sold and the most popular cigarette brand purchased by adolescents, as well as owners/keepers knowledge of the regulation regarding sales to minors.
We identified 770 retailers of consumer goods in the study location; 28.1% (216) sold cigarettes, with mean density of 1.1 cigarette retailers per 100 m. Of the cigarette retailers, 6.9% were located <25 m from schools and all schools had at least one retailer within a 250 m radius. Owners/keepers of 107 cigarette retailers agreed to be interviewed for information on sales to minors. Brands from Gudang Garam were the most popular among adolescents and the brand from Bentoel, part of British American Tobacco, was the cheapest. The median of the cheapest price sold was US$0.7 per pack. Only 43.6% of retailers ever refused to sell cigarettes to adolescents. Within a school complex, retailers' refusal to sell cigarettes to adolescents was higher than in other locations.
Schools in Banyuwangi are surrounded by cigarette retailers. Half of the retailers sell cigarettes at a price affordable by adolescents, attracting adolescents to initiate smoking. There needs to be strict regulation to control cigarette sales to minors, through zoning and licensing in Indonesia.
印度尼西亚对向青少年销售烟草的监管和控制较为薄弱，这可能导致了该国青少年吸烟率的上升。我们的研究旨在计算学校附近香烟零售商的密度，并确定与向未成年人销售烟草相关的因素。
我们通过记录印度尼西亚班尤旺吉区15个地点香烟零售商的GPS位置进行地理测绘，以评估香烟零售商与学校的密度和距离。我们从地理测绘中随机选择零售商进行访谈，以获取有关向未成年人销售烟草、所售香烟的最低价格、青少年购买最多的香烟品牌以及店主/经营者对向未成年人销售烟草相关规定的了解等信息。
我们在研究地点确定了770家消费品零售商；其中28.1%（216家）销售香烟，平均密度为每100米有1.1家香烟零售商。在香烟零售商中，6.9%位于距离学校不到25米的地方，所有学校在半径250米范围内至少有一家零售商。107家香烟零售商的店主/经营者同意接受关于向未成年人销售烟草信息的访谈。古丁加兰品牌的香烟在青少年中最受欢迎，英美烟草旗下本图尔品牌的香烟最便宜。所售最低价格的中位数为每包0.7美元。只有43.6%的零售商曾拒绝向青少年出售香烟。在学校区域内，零售商拒绝向青少年出售香烟的比例高于其他地点。
班尤旺吉的学校被香烟零售商包围。一半的零售商以青少年能够承受的价格出售香烟，吸引青少年开始吸烟。印度尼西亚需要通过分区和发放许可证等方式实施严格监管，以控制向未成年人销售烟草。
