Astuti Putu A S, Mulyawan Ketut H, Sebayang Susy K, Kurniasari Ni Made D, Freeman Becky
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia.
The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.
Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Jul 5;17:55. doi: 10.18332/tid/110004. eCollection 2019.
The presence and density of tobacco retailers is associated with the perception of high availability of cigarettes and ease of purchase. Indonesia is the second largest cigarette market in the world with an increasing smoking rate among young people aged 10-18 years. Our study aims to assess density of cigarette outlets in neighbourhoods and around schools, and to evaluate correlation between retailer proximity to schools and retailer selling practices.
We conducted a geographical mapping and then an audit survey of 1000 randomly selected cigarette retailers in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. We measured neighbourhood retailer density, and retailer proximity to schools. We linked the coordinate data to the audit data to assess the association between retailer distance from schools with likelihood of selling tobacco to young people and selling single cigarette sticks.
We mapped 4114 cigarette retailers in Denpasar, the most common type was a kiosk, 3199 (77.8%), followed by mini market/convenience stores, 606 (14.7%). Retailer density was 32.2/km and 4.6/1000 population. We found that 37 (9.7 %) of the 379 schools in Denpasar have at least one cigarette retailer within a 25 m radius and 367 (96.8%) within a 250 m radius. Of the 485 audited retailers within a 250 m radius of a school, 281 (57.9%) admitted selling cigarettes to young people and 325 (67.0%) sold cigarettes as single sticks. Cigarette retailers were less likely to sell cigarettes to young people based on distance from schools, but this was only significant at the furthest distance of more than 500 m from schools.
In an unregulated retailer setting such as Indonesia, cigarette retailers are ubiquitous and selling to young people is commonplace. The Indonesian government should enforce the prohibition on selling to young people and should regulate cigarette retailers to reduce youth access to cigarettes.
烟草零售商的存在及其密度与香烟的高可得性和购买便利性认知相关。印度尼西亚是世界第二大香烟市场，10至18岁年轻人的吸烟率呈上升趋势。我们的研究旨在评估社区和学校周边香烟销售点的密度，并评估零售商与学校的距离和销售行为之间的相关性。
我们在印度尼西亚巴厘岛登巴萨进行了地理绘图，然后对1000家随机选择的香烟零售商进行了审计调查。我们测量了社区零售商密度以及零售商与学校的距离。我们将坐标数据与审计数据相关联，以评估零售商与学校的距离与向年轻人销售烟草及单支香烟销售可能性之间的关联。
我们在登巴萨绘制了4114家香烟零售商的分布图，最常见的类型是报亭，有3199家（77.8%），其次是小型超市/便利店，有606家（14.7%）。零售商密度为每公里32.2家，每1000人中有4.6家。我们发现，登巴萨379所学校中有37所（9.7%）在半径25米范围内至少有一家香烟零售商，367所（96.8%）在半径250米范围内。在学校半径250米范围内接受审计的485家零售商中，281家（57.9%）承认向年轻人销售香烟，325家（67.0%）销售单支香烟。香烟零售商根据与学校的距离向年轻人销售香烟的可能性较小，但这仅在距离学校超过500米的最远范围内显著。
在印度尼西亚这样一个监管不力的零售商环境中，香烟零售商无处不在，向年轻人销售香烟很常见。印度尼西亚政府应强制禁止向年轻人销售香烟，并应对香烟零售商进行监管，以减少年轻人获取香烟的机会。
