Center of Technological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, 60714-903, Fortaleza-Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Apr 24;252:112633. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112633. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
Pequi fruit are obtained from the pequi tree (Caryocar coriaceum), from which the pulp and nut are used in order to extract an oil that is commonly used in popular medicine as an antiinflammatory agent, particularly for the treatment of colds, bronchitis and bronchopulmonary infections. Making use of the fixed oil of Caryocar coriaceum (FOCC), an attractive alternative for the treatment of diseases caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
To evaluate whether oral intake FOCC provides beneficial effects in the respiratory system of rats submitted to a short-term secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure model.
The experiments were performed on Wistar rats divided into 4 groups; in the SHS + O and SHS + T groups, the animals were pretreated orally with 0.5 mL of FOCC (SHS + O) or vehicle (Tween-80 [1%] solution) (SHS + T). Immediately after pretreatment, the animals were submitted to the SHS exposure protocol, for a total period of 14 days. Exposures were performed 6 times per day, with a duration of 40 min per exposure (5 cigarettes per exposure), followed by a 1-h interval between subsequent exposures. In the AA + O and AA + T groups, animals were submitted to daily oral pretreatment with 0.5 mL of FOCC (AA + O) or vehicle (AA + T). These animals were then subjected to the aforementioned exposure protocol, but using ambient air. After the exposure period, we investigated the effects of FOCC in respiratory mechanics in vivo (Newtonian resistance -R, tissue elastance -H, tissue resistance -G, static compliance -C, inspiratory capacity -IC, PV loop area) histopathology and lung parenchymal morphometry in vitro (polymorphonuclear cells -PMN, mean alveolar diameter -L, bronchoconstriction index -BCI), temporal evolution of subjects' masses, and percent composition of the FOCC.
Regarding the body mass of the animals, the results demonstrated an average body mass gain of 10.5 g for the animals in the AA + T group, and 15.5 g for those in the AA + O group. On the other hand, the body mass of animals in the SHS + T and SHS + O suffered an average loss of 14.4 and 4.75 g, respectively. Regarding respiratory system analyzes, our results demonstrated significant changes in all respiratory mechanics variables and lung parenchyma morphometry analyzed for the SHS + T group when compared to the AA + T group (p < 0,05), confirming the establishment of pulmonary injury induced by SHS exposure. We also observed that rats pretreated orally with FOCC (SHS + O) showed improvement in all variables when compared to the SHS + T group (p < 0,05), thus demonstrating the effectiveness of FOCC in preventing lung damage induced by short-term SHS exposure.
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FOCC was able to prevent lung injury in rats submitted to short-term SHS exposure.
沙梨果来自沙梨果（Caryocar coriaceum），果肉和果核均可用来提取一种油，这种油在民间医学中常被用作抗炎剂，特别是用于治疗感冒、支气管炎和支气管肺部感染。利用卡里卡里果的固定油（FOCC），是治疗暴露于环境烟草烟雾引起的疾病的一种有吸引力的选择。
评估口服 FOCC 对暴露于短期二手烟（SHS）的大鼠呼吸系统是否有益。
实验在 Wistar 大鼠上进行，分为 4 组；在 SHS+O 和 SHS+T 组中，动物经口预先给予 0.5mL 的 FOCC（SHS+O）或载体（吐温-80[1%]溶液）（SHS+T）。预处理后，动物立即接受 SHS 暴露方案，总暴露时间为 14 天。暴露每天进行 6 次，每次 40 分钟（每次暴露 5 支香烟），随后在随后的暴露之间有 1 小时的间隔。在 AA+O 和 AA+T 组中，动物经口预先给予 0.5mL 的 FOCC（AA+O）或载体（AA+T）。这些动物随后接受了上述暴露方案，但使用环境空气。暴露期结束后，我们研究了 FOCC 对体内呼吸力学（牛顿阻力-R、组织弹性-H、组织阻力-G、静态顺应性-C、吸气量-IC、PV 环面积）、组织病理学和体外肺实质形态计量学（多形核细胞-PMN、平均肺泡直径-L、支气管收缩指数-BCI）的影响，研究了对象体重的时间演变以及 FOCC 的百分比组成。
关于动物的体重，结果表明 AA+T 组动物的平均体重增加了 10.5 克，AA+O 组动物的平均体重增加了 15.5 克。另一方面，SHS+T 和 SHS+O 组动物的体重平均分别损失了 14.4 和 4.75 克。关于呼吸系统分析，我们的结果表明，与 AA+T 组相比，SHS+T 组所有呼吸力学变量和肺实质形态计量学都发生了显著变化（p<0.05），证实了 SHS 暴露引起的肺损伤的建立。我们还观察到，经口给予 FOCC（SHS+O）预处理的大鼠与 SHS+T 组相比，所有变量均有所改善（p<0.05），表明 FOCC 能有效预防短期 SHS 暴露引起的肺损伤。
总之，我们的结果表明，FOCC 能够预防大鼠短期 SHS 暴露引起的肺损伤。
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