Maccora Janet, Peters Ruth, Anstey Kaarin J
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Appl Gerontol. 2021 Apr;40(4):433-442. doi: 10.1177/0733464820902943. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Despite expectations of deterioration in memory function with age, some older adults demonstrate superior memory performance and have been defined as SuperAgers. SuperAgers were identified in a population-based prospective cohort in Australia ( = 1,679; 49.4% female; mean age = 70.6 ±1.5 years) as participants who, over a 12-year period, consistently scored at or above the median of participants 40 years younger on recall tasks. Chi-square and tests and logistic regression models measured associations between risk factors and being a SuperAger. The prevalence of SuperAgers was higher in women (8.6%) than men (5.3%). Education was associated with being a SuperAger for women (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.01, 1.26]) and men (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.40]). Other associated factors were investigative activities and alcohol consumption for women and social activities and depressive symptoms for men. Adults over 60 can sustain superior memory recall; however, associated factors may vary between genders.
尽管人们预期记忆功能会随着年龄增长而衰退，但一些老年人却表现出卓越的记忆能力，他们被定义为“超级老人”。在澳大利亚一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究中（n = 1679；49.4%为女性；平均年龄 = 70.6±1.5岁），“超级老人”被确定为在12年期间，在回忆任务中得分始终处于比其年轻40岁的参与者中位数及以上的参与者。卡方检验和t检验以及逻辑回归模型测量了风险因素与成为“超级老人”之间的关联。女性“超级老人”的患病率（8.6%）高于男性（5.3%）。教育与女性（调整后的优势比[OR] = 1.13，95%置信区间[CI] = [1.01, 1.26]）和男性（调整后的OR = 1.22，95% CI = [1.05, 1.40]）成为“超级老人”有关。其他相关因素在女性中是调查活动和饮酒，在男性中是社交活动和抑郁症状。60岁以上的成年人可以保持卓越的记忆回忆能力；然而，相关因素可能因性别而异。
