Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(9):1383-1390. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200131110744.
The most common multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder occurring in old age is Alzheimer's disease. The neuropathological hallmarks of that disorder are amyloid plaques with the presence of β -amyloid aggregates, intraneuronal tau protein tangles, and chronic inflammation. Brain cells such as microglia and astrocytes are inflammatory cells associated with Alzheimer's disease and involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines consist of a large family of protein mediators with low molecular weight, which able to control the migration and residence of all immune cells. In pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, chemokines contribute to the inflammatory response by recruiting T cells and controlling microglia/ macrophages activation.
The present study focuses on the role that chemokines and their receptors play in Alzheimer's disease and in processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
Chemokines are important mediators in AD and inflammation. They promote Aβ deposition and TAU hyperphosphorylation aggravating and increasing the progression of AD. Moreover, they affect the processing of senile plaques and produce abnormal TAU phosphorylation.
There is no cure for AD but the therapeutic potential of chemokines to control the development of the disease may be a field of study to consider in the future.
最常见的老年多因素神经退行性疾病是阿尔茨海默病。该疾病的神经病理学特征是存在β-淀粉样蛋白聚集物的淀粉样斑块、神经元内的 tau 蛋白缠结和慢性炎症。小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞等脑细胞是与阿尔茨海默病相关的炎症细胞，参与产生炎症介质，如细胞因子和趋化因子。趋化因子由一组具有低分子量的蛋白质介质组成，能够控制所有免疫细胞的迁移和驻留。在病理条件下，如阿尔茨海默病，趋化因子通过招募 T 细胞和控制小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的激活来参与炎症反应。
本研究重点探讨了趋化因子及其受体在阿尔茨海默病以及炎症和氧化应激等过程中的作用。
趋化因子是 AD 及炎症的重要介质。它们促进 Aβ 的沉积和 TAU 的过度磷酸化，加重并加速 AD 的进展。此外，它们还影响老年斑的形成，并产生异常的 TAU 磷酸化。
目前尚无治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法，但趋化因子控制疾病发展的治疗潜力可能是未来值得研究的一个领域。
