Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Rev Physical Therapy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2020 Mar;48(3):730-738. doi: 10.1177/0363546519899931. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
There is limited insight into the mechanisms of knee injuries in rock climbing and bouldering in noncompetitive and competitive athletes.
To examine the traumatic mechanisms of injury, demographics, distribution, and severity of knee injuries in affected athletes.
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
During a 4-year period, we performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of acute knee injuries in competitive and noncompetitive climbing athletes. Traumatic mechanisms were inquired and severity levels, therapies, and outcomes recorded with visual analog scale, Tegner, Lysholm, and climbing-specific outcome scores.
Within the observation period, 71 patients (35% competitive athletes, 65% noncompetitive athletes) with 77 independent acute knee injuries were recorded. Four trauma mechanisms were identified: high step (20.8%), drop knee (16.9%), heel hook (40.3%), and (ground) fall (22.1%). The leading structural damage was a medial meniscal tear (28.6%), found significantly more often in the noncompetitive group. A specific climbing injury is iliotibial band strain during the heel hook position. Most injuries resulted from indoor bouldering (46.8%). Surgical procedures were predominantly necessary in noncompetitive climbers. One year after the injury, the Tegner score was 5.9 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD; range, 3-7); the Lysholm score was 97 ± 4.8 (range, 74-100); and the climbing-specific outcome score was 4.8 ± 0.6 (range, 2-5).
Increased attention should be placed on the climber's knee, especially given the worldwide rise of indoor bouldering. Sport-specific awareness and training programs for noncompetitive and competitive climbing athletes to reduce knee injuries should be developed, and sports medical supervision is mandatory.
在非竞技和竞技攀岩运动员中，对攀岩和抱石中膝关节损伤的机制知之甚少。
检查受影响运动员的膝关节损伤的创伤机制、人口统计学、分布和严重程度。
病例系列；证据水平，4 级。
在 4 年期间，我们对竞技和非竞技攀岩运动员的急性膝关节损伤进行了回顾性多中心分析。询问创伤机制，并使用视觉模拟量表、Tegner、Lysholm 和特定于攀岩的结果评分记录严重程度、治疗和结果。
在观察期内，记录了 71 名患者（35%的竞技运动员，65%的非竞技运动员）的 77 次独立急性膝关节损伤。确定了 4 种创伤机制：高步（20.8%）、跪地（16.9%）、脚跟钩（40.3%）和（地面）坠落（22.1%）。主要的结构损伤是内侧半月板撕裂（28.6%），在非竞技组中更为常见。一种特殊的攀岩损伤是在脚跟钩位置时的阔筋膜张肌劳损。大多数损伤发生在室内抱石（46.8%）。非竞技攀岩者主要需要手术治疗。受伤 1 年后，Tegner 评分为 5.9±0.8（均值±标准差；范围，3-7）；Lysholm 评分为 97±4.8（范围，74-100）；特定于攀岩的结果评分为 4.8±0.6（范围，2-5）。
应更加关注攀岩者的膝关节，尤其是考虑到全球范围内室内抱石的兴起。应制定针对非竞技和竞技攀岩运动员的特定运动意识和训练计划以减少膝关节损伤，并且必须进行运动医学监督。
