Lorenzo Joseph
Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020;262:177-230. doi: 10.1007/164_2019_346.
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
细胞因子和造血生长因子传统上被认为是免疫细胞和血细胞发育及功能的调节因子。然而，现已发现越来越多的这类因子对骨细胞以及健康和疾病状态下骨骼的发育具有重大影响（表1）。此外，在动物模型和患者中，几种细胞因子都与骨质疏松症的发生直接相关。为了理解调节骨细胞的机制以及在疾病状态下这种调节如何失调，有必要了解细胞因子和炎症对成骨细胞、破骨细胞和骨量的多种影响。本章对该主题进行了广泛概述并提供了大量参考文献，以便读者如有需要可查阅具体参考文献更深入地探讨各个主题。
