Technology Department, Chemistry Division, CIEMAT. Avda. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Environment Department, Joint Research Unit Atmospheric Pollution CIEMAT-CSIC, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jun;248:125896. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125896. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Biomass burning is a major air pollution problem all around the world. However, the identification and quantification of its contribution to ambient aerosol levels is a difficult task due to the generalized lack of observations of molecular markers. This paper presents the results of a yearlong study of organic constituents of the atmospheric aerosol at a rural site in southern Spain (Villanueva del Arzobispo, Jaén). Sampling was performed for PM and PM, and a total of 116 and 115 samples, respectively, were collected and analyzed by GC/MS, quantifying 77 organic compounds. Higher levels of organic pollutants were recorded from November to March, coinciding with the cold season when domestic combustion is a common practice in rural areas. This jointly with adverse meteorological conditions, e.g. strong atmospheric stability, produced severe pollution episodes with high PM ambient levels. High daily concentrations of tracers were reached, up to 26 ng m for B(a)P and 6065 ng m for levoglucosan in PM, supporting that biomass burning is a major source of pollution at rural areas. A multivariate statistical study based on factor and cluster analysis, was applied to the data set with the aim to distinguish sources of organic compounds. The main resulting sources were related with biomass combustion, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), biogenic emissions, lubricating oil and soil organic components. A preliminary organic source profile for olive wastes burning was evaluated, based on cluster results, showing anhydrosacharides and xylitol are the main emitted compounds, accounting for more than 85% of the quantified compounds. Other source compounds were fatty acids, diacids, aliphatics, sugars, sugar alcohols, PAHs and quinones.
生物质燃烧是世界各地的一个主要大气污染问题。然而，由于普遍缺乏分子标志物的观测，识别和量化其对环境气溶胶水平的贡献是一项艰巨的任务。本文介绍了在西班牙南部一个农村地区（哈恩省的维拉纽瓦德尔阿尔索博斯）进行的为期一年的大气气溶胶有机成分研究的结果。对 PM 和 PM 进行了采样，分别收集并通过 GC/MS 分析了 116 个和 115 个样本，共定量了 77 种有机化合物。记录到 11 月至 3 月期间有机污染物水平较高，这与寒冷季节一致，在农村地区，家庭燃烧是一种常见做法。再加上不利的气象条件，例如强烈的大气稳定性，导致了严重的污染事件，环境中 PM 水平很高。每日达到了高浓度的示踪剂，在 PM 中，B(a)P 高达 26ng/m，左旋葡聚糖高达 6065ng/m，这表明生物质燃烧是农村地区污染的主要来源。应用基于因子和聚类分析的多元统计研究，对数据集进行了分析，目的是区分有机化合物的来源。主要的来源与生物质燃烧、二次有机气溶胶（SOA）、生物排放、润滑油和土壤有机成分有关。根据聚类结果，评估了橄榄废料燃烧的初步有机源特征，表明无水糖和木糖醇是主要排放的化合物，占定量化合物的 85%以上。其他来源化合物包括脂肪酸、二羧酸、脂肪族、糖、糖醇、多环芳烃和醌。
