Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, 164 Pillsbury Drive Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2020 Jan;147(1):174. doi: 10.1121/10.0000566.
Speech perception requires accommodation of a wide range of acoustic variability across talkers. A classic example is the perception of "sh" and "s" fricative sounds, which are categorized according to spectral details of the consonant itself, and also by the context of the voice producing it. Because women's and men's voices occupy different frequency ranges, a listener is required to make a corresponding adjustment of acoustic-phonetic category space for these phonemes when hearing different talkers. This pattern is commonplace in everyday speech communication, and yet might not be captured in accuracy scores for whole words, especially when word lists are spoken by a single talker. Phonetic accommodation for fricatives "s" and "sh" was measured in 20 cochlear implant (CI) users and in a variety of vocoder simulations, including those with noise carriers with and without peak picking, simulated spread of excitation, and pulsatile carriers. CI listeners showed strong phonetic accommodation as a group. Each vocoder produced phonetic accommodation except the 8-channel noise vocoder, despite its historically good match with CI users in word intelligibility. Phonetic accommodation is largely independent of linguistic factors and thus might offer information complementary to speech intelligibility tests which are partially affected by language processing.
言语感知需要适应说话者之间广泛的声学变化。一个经典的例子是摩擦音“sh”和“s”的感知，它们根据辅音本身的频谱细节以及产生它的语音环境进行分类。由于女性和男性的声音占据不同的频率范围，因此当听到不同的说话者时，听众需要对这些音素的声学-语音类别空间进行相应的调整。这种模式在日常言语交际中很常见，但在整个单词的准确性评分中可能无法捕捉到，尤其是当单词列表由单个说话者说出时。在 20 名人工耳蜗（CI）使用者和各种声码器模拟中测量了摩擦音“s”和“sh”的语音适应，包括具有和不具有峰值提取的噪声载波、模拟的激励扩展以及脉冲载波。CI 使用者作为一个群体表现出强烈的语音适应。每个声码器都产生了语音适应，除了 8 通道噪声声码器，尽管它在言语理解方面与 CI 用户具有良好的历史匹配。语音适应在很大程度上独立于语言因素，因此可能提供与部分受语言处理影响的言语理解测试互补的信息。
