Martínez Aldao D, Martínez Lemos R I, Penedo Vázquez S, Ayán Pérez C L
Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
Well-Move Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
Rehabilitacion (Madr). 2020 Jan-Mar;54(1):19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.rh.2019.09.003. Epub 2020 Jan 13.
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have balance disturbances and risk of falls, which are aggravated with ageing. This study aimed to provide information on the effects of an exercise programme on fall risk, balance, and walking speed in a group of older people with ID.
Eight people with mild to moderate ID (mean age: 56.37±7.08 years) participated in a 12-week programme based on a weekly session that included exercises aimed at strengthening stabilising muscles, stimulating proprioception, and enhancing reflexes in unstable situations. The effects of the programme on the risk of falling and on balance and walking speed were assessed using the Tinetti scale and the Timed Up and Go test, respectively.
The programme was feasible and no adverse effects were registered. At the end of the programme, the risk of falls remained unchanged, while balance and gait speed improved significantly.
A three-month weekly programme based on muscle strengthening and proprioceptive re-education exercises was feasible and had a positive impact on balance and walking speed in a group of older people with ID. These results lay the foundation for future randomised clinical trials aiming to confirm the effects of such programmes on the risk of falls in this population.
智障人士存在平衡障碍和跌倒风险，且随着年龄增长情况会加剧。本研究旨在提供有关一项锻炼计划对一组老年智障人士跌倒风险、平衡能力和步行速度影响的信息。
八名轻度至中度智障人士（平均年龄：56.37±7.08岁）参加了一项为期12周的计划，该计划每周进行一次，包括旨在增强稳定肌肉、刺激本体感觉以及在不稳定情况下增强反射的锻炼。分别使用Tinetti量表和定时起立行走测试评估该计划对跌倒风险、平衡能力和步行速度的影响。
该计划可行，未出现不良反应。在计划结束时，跌倒风险保持不变，而平衡能力和步态速度显著改善。
一项基于肌肉强化和本体感觉再教育锻炼的为期三个月的每周计划是可行的，并且对一组老年智障人士的平衡能力和步行速度产生了积极影响。这些结果为未来旨在证实此类计划对该人群跌倒风险影响的随机临床试验奠定了基础。
