Farhadnejad Hossein, Asghari Golaleh, Teymoori Farshad, Tahmasebinejad Zhaleh, Mirmiran Parvin, Azizi Fereidoun
Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Apr 12;30(4):581-588. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.012. Epub 2019 Dec 3.
Studies indicated that the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in association to greater adherence to low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) differs in various populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of LCD score with the risk of CVD events in a prospective population-based study.
CVD-free participants (n = 2188) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008) and followed for a mean of 6.7 years. Using a valid and reliable 168 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, the LCD score was determined based on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, protein, and fat, which ranged from 0 to 12. Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CVD across tertiles of LCD score in women and men. Mean ± SD age of participants (44.8% male) was 38.8 ± 13.0 years, and median (25-75, interquartile range) of the LCD score was 6 (4-8) at baseline. During follow-up, 77 (3.5%) new cases of CVD were identified. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, energy intake, diabetes, and hypertension, there was no association between the LCD score and risk of CVD outcomes in all participants (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1.02) and women (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.94-1.36); however, the LCD score was associated with an 11% reduced incidence of CVD events in men (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80-0.98), (P for trend: 0.028).
Findings showed that higher adherence to LCD may be associated with a lower risk of CVD outcomes in men but not in women.
研究表明，不同人群中，更高程度坚持低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关联存在差异。在本研究中，我们旨在通过一项基于人群的前瞻性研究，评估LCD评分与CVD事件风险之间的关联。
从德黑兰血脂与血糖研究（2006 - 2008年）中招募无CVD的参与者（n = 2188），并进行平均6.7年的随访。使用有效且可靠的168项半定量食物频率问卷，根据碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的能量百分比确定LCD评分，范围为0至12。采用经潜在混杂因素调整的Cox比例风险回归模型，估计男女中LCD评分三分位数组的CVD风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI）。参与者的平均年龄±标准差（44.8%为男性）为38.8 ± 13.0岁，基线时LCD评分的中位数（四分位间距25 - 75）为6（4 - 8）。随访期间，共识别出77例（3.5%）新发CVD病例。在对性别、年龄、体重指数、身体活动、吸烟、能量摄入、糖尿病和高血压进行调整后，所有参与者（HR = 0.93；95% CI：0.86 - 1.02）和女性（HR = 1.13；95% CI：0.94 - 1.36）的LCD评分与CVD结局风险之间均无关联；然而，LCD评分与男性CVD事件发生率降低11%相关（HR = 0.89；95% CI：0.80 - 0.98），（趋势P值：0.028）。
研究结果表明，更高程度坚持LCD可能与男性较低的CVD结局风险相关，但与女性无关。
