留守状态是否与亚美尼亚母亲的性健康差异有关？来自 2010 年和 2015 年人口与健康调查的证据。
Is left-behind status related to differences in sexual health of Armenian mothers? Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey in 2010 and 2015.
机构信息
Institute of Public Health, International Health Program, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 3;15(2):e0228344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228344. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Migration caused by poverty is a growing public health issue around the world. Migrants are at heightened risk of HIV/STIs and yet the vulnerability to poor sexual health of their left-behind partners, in relation to their household wealth, remain understudied. This investigation examines differences in sexual health from 2010 to 2015 among Armenian mothers, with a specific focus on their left-behind migration status and household wealth.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
Using the population-based Demographic and Health Surveys from Armenia, multilevel logistic models were used to examine the various relationships between sexual health, left-behind status, and household wealth. The multivariate analysis results showed that self-reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms (AOR = 1.45; p<0.01) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (AOR = 1.45; p<0.01) increased from 2010 to 2015; furthermore, negotiation power over sex (AOR = 0.77; p<0.01) declined among Armenian mothers. Left-behind mothers (LBMs) were more likely to report STI symptoms than their non-LBM counterparts (AOR = 1.61; p<0.01). In addition, significant differences in sexual health between LBMs and non-LBMs with different levels of household wealth were observed. The poorest wealth quintiles were associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported STI symptoms (AOR = 1.74; p<0.05) and IPV (AOR = 1.78; p<0.01), as well as a lower likelihood of utilizing HIV testing (AOR = 0.48; p<0.01) and negotiating power over sex (AOR = 0.47; p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
This study strives to fill gaps in the literature related to the relationship between left-behind status, household wealth, and sexual health among Armenian mothers in a context of economic expansion. Among these mothers, poor sexual health outcomes increased from 2010 to 2015. Both low household wealth and a left-behind status were associated with adverse sexual health outcomes. These findings suggest future campaigns aimed at improving the sexual health of Armenian mothers need to be migration-status appropriate and socioeconomic-sensitive.
背景
贫困导致的移民是全球日益严重的公共卫生问题。移民感染艾滋病毒/性传播感染和性传播感染的风险较高，但留守移民的性健康脆弱性及其与家庭财富的关系仍研究不足。本研究调查了 2010 年至 2015 年期间亚美尼亚母亲的性健康差异，重点关注其留守移民地位和家庭财富。
方法和发现
本研究使用亚美尼亚人口为基础的人口与健康调查数据，采用多水平逻辑模型研究性健康、留守地位和家庭财富之间的各种关系。多变量分析结果表明，自我报告的性传播感染（性传播感染）症状（AOR=1.45;p<0.01）和亲密伴侣暴力（AOR=1.45;p<0.01）从 2010 年至 2015 年有所增加；此外，亚美尼亚母亲的性协商能力（AOR=0.77;p<0.01）下降。留守母亲（LBM）比非留守母亲（LBM）更有可能报告性传播感染症状（AOR=1.61;p<0.01）。此外，不同家庭财富水平的 LBM 和非 LBM 之间的性健康存在显著差异。最贫穷的财富五分位数与自我报告的性传播感染症状（AOR=1.74;p<0.05）和亲密伴侣暴力（AOR=1.78;p<0.01）的可能性增加以及艾滋病毒检测（AOR=0.48;p<0.01）和性协商能力（AOR=0.47;p<0.01）的可能性降低有关。
结论
本研究旨在填补有关经济扩张背景下亚美尼亚母亲留守地位、家庭财富与性健康之间关系的文献空白。在这些母亲中，从 2010 年到 2015 年，贫困的性健康结果有所增加。低家庭财富和留守地位都与不良的性健康结果有关。这些发现表明，旨在改善亚美尼亚母亲性健康的未来运动需要根据移民地位和社会经济敏感性进行调整。
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