Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, At the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, At the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109181. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109181. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Results from human experimental studies investigating possible effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on sleep are heterogeneous. So far, there is no study on possible sex-differences in RF-EMF effects.
The present study aimed at analyzing differences in RF-EMF effects on the macrostructure of sleep between healthy elderly males and females.
With a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled cross-over design effects of two RF-EMF exposures (GSM900 and TETRA) on sleep were investigated in samples of 30 elderly healthy male and 30 healthy elderly female volunteers. Participants underwent each of the three exposure conditions on three occassions following an individually randomized order resulting in a total of nine study nights per participant. Exposure was delivered for 30 min prior to sleep and for the whole night (7.5 h) by a head worn antenna specifically designed for the projects. The peak spatial absorption rate averaged over time in head tissues (psSAR10g) was 6 W/kg for TETRA and 2 W/kg for GSM900. Thirty variables characterising the macrostructure of sleep and arousals as well as four subjective sleep variables were considered for statistical analyses.
Multivariate analyses revealed that exposure to GSM900 and/or TETRA resulted in a significant reduction in arousals, a shorter latency to sleep stage N3, and a shorter self-reported time awake after sleep in both males and females. Exposure effects depending on sex (significant interactions) were observed. Latency to sleep stage R was shorter in females and tended to be longer in males under both exposures. Latency to stage N3 was shorter in females under TETRA exposure and almost not affected in males. The time awake within the sleep period under TETRA exposure was shorter in females and only slightly longer in males. Under GSM exposure, the self-rated total sleep time tended to be longer in females and to be shorter in males. Finally, the number of awakenings was lower only in females and tended to be higher in males under GSM exposure.
With regard to RF-EMF effects on human sleep it seems that gender matters since GSM900 and TETRA led to significantly more exposure effects in females. Regardless of gender, none of the observed changes is indicative of a sleep disturbing effect of RF-EMF exposure. Observed effects might be mediated by skin related thermoregulatory mechanisms.
研究射频电磁场（RF-EMF）对睡眠可能影响的人体实验研究结果存在差异。迄今为止，尚无关于 RF-EMF 效应中可能存在性别差异的研究。
本研究旨在分析健康老年男性和女性之间 RF-EMF 对睡眠宏观结构影响的差异。
采用双盲、随机、假对照交叉设计，在 30 名健康老年男性和 30 名健康老年女性志愿者样本中研究两种 RF-EMF 暴露（GSM900 和 TETRA）对睡眠的影响。参与者按照个体随机顺序接受了三次暴露条件，每次暴露持续 30 分钟，在睡前和整个夜间（7.5 小时）通过专门为该项目设计的头戴式天线进行。头部组织中时间平均峰值空间吸收率（psSAR10g）为 TETRA 时 6 W/kg，GSM900 时 2 W/kg。考虑了 30 个变量来描述睡眠和唤醒的宏观结构以及四个主观睡眠变量进行统计分析。
多变量分析显示，GSM900 和/或 TETRA 暴露导致唤醒次数减少，N3 睡眠潜伏期缩短，以及男性和女性自我报告的睡眠后清醒时间缩短。观察到依赖于性别的暴露效应（显著的交互作用）。在两种暴露下，女性的 R 期潜伏期较短，男性的潜伏期较长。TETRA 暴露下女性的 N3 期潜伏期较短，男性的潜伏期几乎不受影响。TETRA 暴露下女性的睡眠期内清醒时间较短，男性的清醒时间仅略长。在 GSM 暴露下，女性的自我报告总睡眠时间较长，男性的睡眠时间较短。最后，只有女性的觉醒次数较低，而 GSM 暴露下男性的觉醒次数较高。
就 RF-EMF 对人类睡眠的影响而言，性别似乎很重要，因为 GSM900 和 TETRA 导致女性的暴露效应明显更多。无论性别如何，观察到的变化都不表明 RF-EMF 暴露会干扰睡眠。观察到的效应可能是通过皮肤相关的体温调节机制介导的。
