Municipal wastewater treatment by purple phototropic bacteria at low infrared irradiances using a photo-anaerobic membrane bioreactor.

Light energy is one of the major costs for phototrophic systems. This study evaluated the photoreactor efficiency of purple phototropic bacteria anaerobic membrane bioreactor (PAnMBR) at low irradiance for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Infrared irradiance levels of 3.0 and 1.4 W/m produced by an infrared (IR) lamp emitting in the 800-900 nm wavelength range were investigated, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the irradiance energy demand. Experimental and modeling results demonstrated the ability of PPB to grow and treat raw municipal wastewater at the applied low irradiances, with effluent quality below target limits of TCOD˂50 mg/L, TN˂10 mg/L, and TP˂1 mg/L. While Monod kinetic parameters, k and Y, were determined to be lower than previous high-energy studies (1.9 mgCOD/mgVSS-d and 0.38 mgVSS/mgCOD, respectively), the photobioreactor performance were consistently maintained, indicating that energy cost associated with IR illumination can be reduced by up to 97%. To determine whether the treatment process could approach energy neutrality, subsequent anaerobic digestion experiments of the residual PPB biomass proved a potential for biogas recovery of up to 240 NmLCH/gVSS, and a moderate biomass biodegradability of 41%. As a result, the net energy consumption of the process was estimated at 0.5 kWh/m of treated municipal wastewater, considering an energy demand for illumination of 0.67 kWh/m and an energy recovery attributed to the anaerobic digestion of 0.17 kWh/m from the excess PPB biomass wasted from PAnMBR.