Sludge alkaline fermentation enhanced anaerobic- multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat low C/N municipal wastewater: Nutrients removal and microbial metabolic characteristics.

This study aimed to present a strategy that utilizing semi-continuous flow primary sludge fermentation liquor as carbon source for anaerobic- multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat low chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) (C/N) ratio municipal wastewater. The results showed that adding fermentation liquor resulted in average TN and total phosphorus (TP) concentration in effluent decreased from 33 and 2.80 mg L to 9.2 and 0.23 mg L, respectively, which met wastewater discharge standard. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that bacterial richness increased and diversity decreased with fermentation liquor adding, and the dominant genera varied from Methylophilaceae and Methylotenera to unclassified_f_Rhodocyclaceae, noran k_f__env.OPS_17, and Azospira. Meanwhile, the abundance of metabolism and organismal systems in A-MAO process rose from 48.42% and 0.74% to 49.52% and 0.78%. The improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal with fermentation adding was based on the increment of enzyme coding genes in nitrogen and phosphorus pathway.