胎儿期和儿童期的宠物拥有情况可降低儿童暴露于环境烟草烟雾对高血压的影响：一项基于大人群的队列研究。

Pet ownership in utero and in childhood decreases the effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on hypertension in children: A large population based cohort study.

机构信息

Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiyan Prevention and Health Care Center of Baoan, Shenzhen 518101, China.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 1;715:136859. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136859. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136859

PMID:32014767

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Little is known about whether exposure to pets influences the association between hypertension and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The current study aims to examine the interaction of pet ownership on ETS exposure and the development of hypertension in children.

METHODS

From 2012 to 2013, a total of 9354 children, 5 to 17 years of age, were recruited from 62 schools in seven northeastern cities. BP in children was measured and hypertension was defined as an average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or systolic blood pressure (SBP) at or above the 95th percentile for that child's age, sex, and height. Pet ownership in three different time periods (in utero, past 2 years, and currently) and ETS exposure data were collected from parents via a questionnaire. Two-level regressions were used for the data analyses.

RESULTS

The data show consistent, significant interactions between exposure to pets and effects from ETS. Children who were not exposed to pets experienced stronger effects from ETS on hypertension when compared to those exposed to pets, and the protective effect of pet ownership became stronger with a greater number of pets in the home. Exposure to in utero ETS was associated with hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.54] only for those children without pet exposure in utero but not for those with pets (aOR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.49-1.15) (p < 0.05). Moreover, household dog ownership was related to significantly lower effects of current ETS on hypertension (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.61-1.05) compared with children without dogs (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11-1.44) (p = 0.001). Interaction associations between ETS and pet ownership were more robust for girls than for boys and for younger than older children.

CONCLUSION

This study indicates an inverse relationship between pet ownership and ETS, potentially pointing to pet ownership as protecting against the development of hypertension in children.

摘要

背景

对于宠物暴露是否会影响高血压与环境烟草烟雾（ETS）之间的关联，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在检验宠物拥有情况对 ETS 暴露与儿童高血压发展的交互作用。

方法

2012 年至 2013 年，从东北地区 7 个城市的 62 所学校共招募了 9354 名 5 至 17 岁的儿童。测量儿童的血压，高血压定义为平均舒张压（DBP）或收缩压（SBP）高于该儿童年龄、性别和身高的第 95 百分位数。通过问卷从父母那里收集宠物拥有情况（在子宫内、过去 2 年和当前）和 ETS 暴露数据。使用两层回归进行数据分析。

结果

数据显示，宠物暴露与 ETS 影响之间存在一致且显著的相互作用。与接触宠物的儿童相比，未接触宠物的儿童受到 ETS 的影响更大，且随着家中宠物数量的增加，宠物拥有的保护作用会增强。在子宫内接触 ETS 与高血压相关（调整后的优势比[aOR] = 1.32，95%置信区间[CI]：1.13-1.54），仅适用于在子宫内没有宠物暴露的儿童，而不适用于有宠物的儿童（aOR = 0.75；95% CI：0.49-1.15）（p < 0.05）。此外，与家中没有狗的儿童相比，家中养狗与当前 ETS 对高血压的影响显著降低相关（aOR = 0.80，95% CI：0.61-1.05）（p = 0.001）。ETS 和宠物拥有情况之间的交互关联在女孩中比男孩中更显著，在年幼儿童中比年长儿童中更显著。