Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 1;715:136939. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136939. Epub 2020 Jan 25.
Accelerating CO emissions have driven physico-chemical changes in the world's oceans, such as ocean acidification and warming. How marine organisms adjust or succumb to such environmental changes may be determined by their ability to balance energy intake against expenditure (i.e. energy budget) as energy supports physiological functions, including those with adaptive value. Here, we examined whether energy budget is a driver of physiological adaptability of marine calcifiers to the near-future ocean acidification and warming; i.e. how physiological energetics (respiration rate, feeding rate, energy assimilation and energy budget) relates to adjustments in shell growth and shell properties of a calcifying gastropod (Austrocochlea concamerata). We found that ocean warming boosted the energy budget of gastropods due to increased feeding rate, resulting in faster shell growth and greater shell strength (i.e. more mechanically resilient). When combined with ocean acidification, however, the gastropods had a substantial decrease in energy budget due to reduced feeding rate and energy assimilation, leading to the reduction in shell growth and shell strength. By linking energy budget to the adjustability of shell building, we revealed that energy availability can be critical to determine the physiological adaptability of marine calcifiers to the changing oceanic climate.
加速的 CO2 排放已经导致了世界海洋的物理化学变化，如海洋酸化和变暖。海洋生物如何适应或屈服于这些环境变化，可能取决于它们平衡能量摄入和支出的能力（即能量预算），因为能量支持生理功能，包括具有适应性价值的功能。在这里，我们研究了能量预算是否是海洋钙化生物对近未来海洋酸化和变暖的生理适应性的驱动因素；即生理能量学（呼吸率、摄食率、能量同化和能量预算）与钙化腹足纲动物（ Austrocochlea concamerata）壳生长和壳特性的调整有何关系。我们发现，海洋变暖由于摄食率的增加而提高了腹足类动物的能量预算，从而导致壳生长更快，壳强度更大（即更具机械弹性）。然而，当与海洋酸化结合时，由于摄食率和能量同化的降低，腹足类动物的能量预算大幅减少，导致壳生长和壳强度降低。通过将能量预算与壳形成的可调节性联系起来，我们揭示了能量供应对于确定海洋钙化生物对海洋气候变化的生理适应性至关重要。
