Lee Ki-Hoon, Noh Junsung, Khim Jong Seong
Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Int. 2020 Apr;137:105528. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
The "Blue Economy (BE)" is an increasingly popular concept as a strategy for safeguarding the world's oceans and water resources. It may emerge when economic activity is in balance with the long term capacity of ocean ecosystems to support the activity in a sustainable manner. Importantly, the concept of BE posits the inherent conflicts between two discourses-growth and development, and protection of ocean resources. The inherent conflicts require solutions to embrace the opportunities associated with the ocean economy while recognizing and addressing its threats. The potential solutions on a global scale are advocated by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, we notice that the identification of the scope and boundaries of the BE in line with the UN's SDGs is vague even challenging, and the key stakeholders and their interests and roles in the BE are also vague. This review examines the scientific evidence of the association between the BE and the UN's SDGs, and relevance and alignment of stakeholders on the link between the BE and SDGs. Based on a literature survey between 1998 and 2018, we find that BE is highly associated with SDGs 14-17. Notably, we find that stakeholders prefer SDG 3 Good Health & Well-Being and SDG 8 Decent Work & Economic Growth in the BE context. As stakeholder involvement shows some differences and variations in the relationship between the BE and SDGs, we consider that stakeholders can play some roles directly or indirectly in the BE-SDGs context. In order to set achievable goals and targets in BE-SDGs, we support that key stakeholders should be identified to play several important roles in prosperous economic, societal development and setting tolerable ranges for the ocean biosphere.
“蓝色经济（BE）”作为一项保护世界海洋和水资源的战略，正日益成为一个流行的概念。当经济活动与海洋生态系统以可持续方式支持该活动的长期能力保持平衡时，蓝色经济可能就会出现。重要的是，蓝色经济的概念提出了两种话语之间的内在冲突——增长与发展以及海洋资源保护。这些内在冲突需要找到解决方案，以把握与海洋经济相关的机遇，同时认识并应对其威胁。联合国在其可持续发展目标（SDGs）中倡导全球范围内的潜在解决方案。然而，我们注意到，与联合国可持续发展目标一致的蓝色经济的范围和边界的界定模糊不清，甚至颇具挑战性，而且蓝色经济中的关键利益相关者及其利益和作用也不明确。本综述考察了蓝色经济与联合国可持续发展目标之间关联的科学证据，以及利益相关者在蓝色经济与可持续发展目标之间联系上的相关性和一致性。基于1998年至2018年的文献调查，我们发现蓝色经济与可持续发展目标14至17高度相关。值得注意的是，我们发现在蓝色经济背景下，利益相关者更倾向于可持续发展目标3“良好健康与福祉”和可持续发展目标8“体面工作和经济增长”。由于利益相关者的参与在蓝色经济与可持续发展目标的关系中表现出一些差异和变化，我们认为利益相关者可以在蓝色经济与可持续发展目标的背景下直接或间接地发挥一些作用。为了在蓝色经济与可持续发展目标中设定可实现的目标和指标，我们支持应确定关键利益相关者，使其在繁荣经济、社会发展以及为海洋生物圈设定可容忍范围方面发挥几个重要作用。
