Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, 39564, USA.
Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 3;10(1):1684. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58171-8.
The area and timing of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill highlight the need to study oil and hypoxia exposure in early life stage fishes. Though critical to health, little research has targeted the effect of oil and hypoxia exposure on developing immune systems. To this end, we exposed sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) at three early life stages: embryonic; post-hatch; and post-larval, to a high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) of oil, hypoxia, or both for 48 hours. We performed RNAseq to understand how exposures alter expression of immune transcripts and pathways. Under control conditions, the embryonic to post-hatch comparison (first transition) had a greater number of significantly regulated immune pathways than the second transition (post-hatch to post-larval). The addition of oil had little effect in the first transition, however, hypoxia elicited changes in cellular and humoral immune responses. In the second transition, oil exposure significantly altered many immune pathways (43), and while hypoxia altered few pathways, it did induce a unique signature of generally suppressing immune pathways. These data suggest that timing of exposure to oil and/or hypoxia matters, and underscores the need to further investigate the impacts of multiple stressors on immune system development in early life stage fishes.
墨西哥湾深水地平线石油泄漏事件的范围和时间突出表明，有必要研究早期生命阶段鱼类的石油和缺氧暴露。尽管对健康至关重要，但很少有研究针对石油和缺氧暴露对发育中免疫系统的影响。为此，我们在三个早期生命阶段（胚胎期、孵化后和幼鱼期）将羊头鲷（Cyprinodon variegatus）暴露于高能量水可容纳馏分（HEWAF）的石油、缺氧或两者中 48 小时。我们进行了 RNAseq 以了解暴露如何改变免疫转录本和途径的表达。在对照条件下，胚胎到孵化后（第一次过渡）的比较比第二次过渡（孵化后到幼鱼期）具有更多的显著调节免疫途径。第一次过渡中，石油的添加几乎没有影响，但是缺氧引起了细胞和体液免疫反应的变化。在第二次过渡中，石油暴露显著改变了许多免疫途径（43 种），而尽管缺氧改变了少数途径，但它确实诱导了一般抑制免疫途径的独特特征。这些数据表明，暴露于石油和/或缺氧的时间很重要，并强调需要进一步研究多种胁迫因素对早期生命阶段鱼类免疫系统发育的影响。
