Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Isotopes Department, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Apr;27(12):13237-13246. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07917-y. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
The present study was aimed to estimating the effect of Saussurea lappa (costus) root extract on thorium accumulation in different brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hypothalamus) of adult male albino rats and also to evaluate the antioxidant effect and thyroid gland modulation activity of costus following thorium toxicity. Adult male rats were randomly allocated into four groups; control group receiving saline (0.9% NaCl), thorium group receiving an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thorium nitrate (Th; 6.3 mg/kg bwt), costus group receiving an oral administration of costus extract at 200 mg/kg bwt and costus + thorium group receiving costus 1 h before thorium injection. Thorium injection in rats for 28 days resulted in the accumulation of Th maximally in the cerebellum followed by the cerebral cortex and then in the hypothalamus. The accumulation of Th was associated with significant disturbance in sodium and potassium ions. A significant decrease in monoamines was also observed in different brain regions. Furthermore, the results indicated that Th-induced oxidative stress evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide and decrease the glutathione content. Additionally, Th caused a significant increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels in the serum of rats. However, the pre-administration of costus alleviated all of those disturbances. Our results revealed that costus extract exerted its protective effect mainly through potentiating the antioxidant defense system.
本研究旨在评估雪莲花（独活）根提取物对成年雄性白化大鼠不同脑区（大脑皮层、小脑和下丘脑）中钍积累的影响，并评价独活在钍毒性后对抗氧化作用和甲状腺调节活性的影响。成年雄性大鼠随机分为四组；对照组给予生理盐水（0.9% NaCl），钍组给予腹腔（i.p.）注射硝酸钍（Th；6.3mg/kg bwt），独活组给予独活提取物 200mg/kg bwt 口服，独活+钍组在钍注射前 1 小时给予独活。钍对大鼠的注射持续 28 天，导致 Th 在小脑中的积累最大，其次是大脑皮层，然后是下丘脑。Th 的积累与钠离子和钾离子的显著紊乱有关。不同脑区的单胺也明显减少。此外，结果表明，钍诱导的氧化应激表现为脂质过氧化和一氧化氮增加，谷胱甘肽含量降低。此外，钍导致大鼠血清中促甲状腺激素（TSH）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）水平显著升高。然而，独活的预先给药缓解了所有这些紊乱。我们的结果表明，独活提取物的保护作用主要是通过增强抗氧化防御系统来发挥的。
