Wikel S K
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Fork 58202.
Vet Parasitol. 1988 Sep;29(2-3):235-64. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(88)90127-6.
Immunological control of ixodid ticks requires development of a vaccine that stimulates an effective anti-tick response. However, it is important to avoid induction of intense host skin reactivity to tick feeding. Salivary-gland-derived molecules are introduced into the host during ixodid engorgement; therefore, use of these moieties might not be an optimal immunization strategy. Antigens not normally involved in acquired resistance can be used to induce anti-tick immunity. These "novel" antigens, obtained from tick gut absorptive surface, are not introduced into the host during tick feeding, but are exposed to host-immune effector elements in the blood meal, resulting in ixodid rejection, prevention of ova production and death. Anti-tick immunity is induced with microgram quantities of this ixodid gut antigen preparation. Sera obtained from immunized animals were used to identify antibody-reactive components of the resistance-inducing extract. Tick gut absorptive surface antigen glycoconjugates were identified by lectin blotting, using a series of probes with different carbohydrate specificities. The lectins, peanut and wheat germ agglutinin, and immunized host antibodies bound extract components with similar molecular weights. Solubilization and fractionization of tick gut proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 is described.
硬蜱的免疫控制需要开发一种能刺激有效抗蜱反应的疫苗。然而，避免诱导宿主对蜱叮咬产生强烈的皮肤反应很重要。在硬蜱饱血过程中，唾液腺衍生分子会进入宿主体内；因此，使用这些成分可能不是一种最佳的免疫策略。可使用通常不参与获得性抗性的抗原诱导抗蜱免疫。这些从蜱肠道吸收表面获得的“新型”抗原，在蜱叮咬期间不会进入宿主体内，但会在血餐中暴露于宿主免疫效应元件，从而导致硬蜱被排斥、阻止产卵并死亡。用微克量的这种硬蜱肠道抗原制剂可诱导抗蜱免疫。用从免疫动物获得的血清来鉴定诱导抗性提取物中的抗体反应成分。通过凝集素印迹法，使用一系列具有不同碳水化合物特异性的探针，鉴定蜱肠道吸收表面抗原糖缀合物。凝集素、花生凝集素和麦胚凝集素以及免疫宿主抗体与分子量相似的提取物成分结合。本文描述了用非离子去污剂Triton X - 114对蜱肠道蛋白进行溶解和分级分离的方法。
