Liszka Lara, Heiny Elizabeth, Smith Joan, Schlaggar Bradley L, Mathur Amit, Pineda Roberta
Washington University Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, Missouri.
Saint Louis Children's Hospital Department of Quality, Safety and Practice Excellence, St. Louis, Missouri.
Acta Paediatr. 2020 Oct;109(10):2049-2056. doi: 10.1111/apa.15209. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
To (a) define the early home auditory environment of high-risk infants within one month of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge, (b) compare auditory exposures in the home environment to the NICU environment, and (c) define relationships between maternal/infant factors and auditory exposures within the home.
Seventy-three high-risk infants (48 high-risk infants in the NICU at term-equivalent age and 25 high-risk infants in the home following NICU discharge) had auditory exposures measured.
An average of 1.3 hours more noise (P ≤ .001) and 2 hours less silence (P = .01) were observed in the NICU compared with the home, but differences varied based on whether comparing to an open ward or private room. Infants with public insurance, lower household income and mothers without a college education were exposed to an average of 2.8, 3.0 and 2.3 hours more TV/electronic sounds respectively (P < .05). An average of 1744 fewer adult words (P = .03) were spoken in households with public insurance. There was an average of 3.1 hours less silence and 4.5 dB louder stimuli among households with lower income (P < .05).
Elucidating differences across environments can lead to interventions to foster appropriate auditory exposures to improve language development of high-risk infants.
(a) 界定高危婴儿在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）出院后1个月内的早期家庭听觉环境，(b) 比较家庭环境与NICU环境中的听觉暴露情况，以及(c) 确定母亲/婴儿因素与家庭环境中听觉暴露之间的关系。
对73名高危婴儿（48名足月等效年龄时在NICU的高危婴儿和25名NICU出院后在家中的高危婴儿）的听觉暴露情况进行了测量。
与家庭环境相比，NICU中平均多1.3小时噪音（P≤0.001），少2小时安静时间（P = 0.01），但差异因与开放式病房还是私人房间进行比较而异。有公共保险、家庭收入较低且母亲未受过大学教育的婴儿，分别平均多接触2.8、3.0和2.3小时电视/电子声音（P < 0.05）。有公共保险的家庭中，成人说话的词汇平均少1744个（P = 0.03）。低收入家庭中平均安静时间少3.1小时，刺激声音大4.5分贝（P < 0.05）。
阐明不同环境之间的差异有助于采取干预措施，促进适当的听觉暴露，以改善高危婴儿的语言发育。
