Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; email:
Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2020 Apr 26;38:541-566. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041717. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Naturally occurring CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs), which specifically express the transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a functionally distinct T cell subpopulation actively engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Recent studies have facilitated our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of their generation, function, phenotypic and functional stability, and adaptability. It is under investigation in humans how functional or numerical Treg anomalies, whether genetically determined or environmentally induced, contribute to immunological diseases such as autoimmune diseases. Also being addressed is how Tregs can be targeted to control physiological and pathological immune responses, for example, by depleting them to enhance tumor immunity or by expanding them to treat immunological diseases. This review discusses our current understanding of Treg immunobiology in normal and disease states, with a perspective on the realization of Treg-targeting therapies in the clinic.
天然存在的 CD4 调节性 T 细胞（Tregs），其细胞核中特异性表达转录因子 FoxP3，细胞表面表达 CD25 和 CTLA-4，是一种功能独特的 T 细胞亚群，积极参与维持免疫耐受和体内平衡。最近的研究促进了我们对其生成、功能、表型和功能稳定性以及适应性的细胞和分子基础的理解。目前正在研究人类中，功能或数量上的 Treg 异常，无论是遗传决定的还是环境诱导的，如何导致自身免疫性疾病等免疫性疾病。同时还在研究如何靶向 Tregs 来控制生理和病理免疫反应，例如，通过耗尽它们来增强肿瘤免疫，或通过扩增它们来治疗自身免疫性疾病。这篇综述讨论了我们对正常和疾病状态下 Treg 免疫生物学的理解，并探讨了在临床上实现 Treg 靶向治疗的前景。
