Yoon Seo Joon, Hong Seongjin, Kim Seonju, Lee Jongmin, Kim Taewoo, Kim Beomgi, Kwon Bong-Oh, Zhou Yunqiao, Shi Bin, Liu Peng, Hu Wenyou, Huang Biao, Wang Tieyu, Khim Jong Seong
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
Environ Int. 2020 Apr;137:105517. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105517. Epub 2020 Feb 1.
The Yellow and Bohai seas comprise one of the most rapidly developing regions in the world, but efforts to assess coastal pollution by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) on wide spatial scale are lacking. The present study aimed to (1) measure the concentrations of PTSs, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), and styrene oligomers (SOs) via large-scale sediment monitoring (total of 125 locations), (2) assess potential ecological risk of PTSs in sediments to coastal ecosystems, (3) estimate various sources and fresh inputs of PTSs, (4) determine distribution patterns of PTSs by human activities and land-use type, and (5) address decadal (2008-2018) changes in distributions of PTSs. The high concentrations of PAHs [> 7000 ng g dry weight (dw)] in sediments were detected in Nantong in the Yellow Sea of China (YSC) and Huludao and Qinhuangdao in the Bohai Sea (BS), whereas lesser concentrations (< 200 ng g dw) were detected in the Yellow Sea of Korea (YSK). We found relatively high concentrations of sedimentary APs and SOs in Nantong, Huludao, and Qinhuangdao from the YSC and BS regions, but corresponding concentrations were generally below < 100 ng g dw in other locations. Concentrations of PAHs at 38 locations (30% of YSC and BS) posed a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas relatively low risk concentrations occurred in all locations of YSK. The main source of PAHs (concentrated in YSC and BS) were by-products of diesel and gasoline combustion (42% of total concentration), whereas biomass combustion (24%) dominated in YSK. Fresh inputs of PTSs indicated that the generation and use of PTSs continue across all regions and locations. Among PTSs, concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with location (p < 0.05) relative to land-use within a given region, whereas concentrations of APs and SOs showed no significant relationships (p > 0.05) among or within regions. Over time, concentrations of PAHs have generally declined, but sediment contamination has increased at some locations in China, with sources shifting from a mixture of PAHs types to those linked to diesel and gasoline combustion. Additional studies are needed on the fate and potential ecological risk posed by certain PTSs in hotspots. This is one of the first efforts providing backgrounds on PTS pollution in the large marine ecosystem of the Yellow and Bohai seas.
黄海和渤海是世界上发展最为迅速的地区之一，但目前仍缺乏在大空间尺度上评估持久性有毒物质（PTSs）对沿海污染情况的相关研究。本研究旨在：（1）通过大规模沉积物监测（共125个点位）测量PTSs的浓度，如多环芳烃（PAHs）、烷基酚（APs）和苯乙烯低聚物（SOs）；（2）评估沉积物中PTSs对沿海生态系统的潜在生态风险；（3）估算PTSs的各种来源和新增输入量；（4）确定PTSs在人类活动和土地利用类型方面的分布模式；（5）探讨PTSs在年代际（2008 - 2018年）的分布变化。在中国黄海（YSC）的南通以及渤海（BS）的葫芦岛和秦皇岛，沉积物中检测到高浓度的PAHs[> 7000 ng g干重（dw）]，而在韩国黄海（YSK）检测到的浓度较低（< 200 ng g dw）。我们发现，YSC和BS地区的南通、葫芦岛和秦皇岛沉积物中的APs和SOs浓度相对较高，但其他地区相应浓度普遍低于< 100 ng g dw。38个点位（占YSC和BS的30%）的PAHs浓度对水生生态系统构成了潜在风险，而YSK所有点位的风险浓度相对较低。PAHs（集中在YSC和BS）的主要来源是柴油和汽油燃烧的副产品（占总浓度的42%），而生物质燃烧（占24%）在YSK中占主导地位。PTSs的新增输入表明，所有地区和点位都持续存在PTSs的产生和使用。在PTSs中，PAHs的浓度与给定区域内相对于土地利用的位置显著相关（p < 0.05），而APs和SOs的浓度在区域间或区域内均无显著关系（p > 0.05）。随着时间推移，PAHs的浓度总体呈下降趋势，但中国一些地区的沉积物污染有所增加，其来源从多种PAHs类型的混合物转变为与柴油和汽油燃烧相关的类型。需要对热点地区某些PTSs的归宿和潜在生态风险开展更多研究。这是首批为黄海和渤海大型海洋生态系统中PTS污染提供背景资料的研究之一。
