Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2021 Jan;91(1-2):152-163. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000626. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
The association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk is not well-known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary acid load and the risk of MetS among Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1430 Iranian adults. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary acid load was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). MetS was defined according to the ATP-III criteria. The risk of MetS and its components was explored using logistic regression test. Totally, 205 individuals were identified to have MetS. No significant association for MetS was found across the quartiles of PRAL and NEAP either in the crude model [Q4 PRAL: OR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.67-1.32), and NEAP: OR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.63-1.25)] or fully-adjusted model [Q4 PRAL: OR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.61-1.33), and NEAP: OR (95% CI): 1.05 (0.70-1.57)]. Amongst the components of MetS, higher scores of NEAP was associated with an increased risk of impaired blood sugar after adjustment for potential confounders [OR (95% CI): 1.35 (0.93-1.96)]. No significant association was found for other components either with PRAL or with NEAP. Our findings suggest no association between dietary acid load and MetS risk in Iranian adults. However, higher dietary acid load, measured by NEAP, but not PRAL, was associated with increased risk of impaired fasting blood sugar. Longitudinal studies are warranted to explore whether a diet low in potential acid load could reduce MetS risk.
膳食酸负荷与代谢综合征（MetS）风险之间的关系尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在研究伊朗成年人中膳食酸负荷与 MetS 风险之间的关系。
这项横断面研究共纳入了 1430 名伊朗成年人。膳食摄入量通过验证的食物频率问卷进行评估。膳食酸负荷采用潜在肾酸负荷（PRAL）和净内源性酸产生（NEAP）进行评估。MetS 根据 ATP-III 标准定义。使用逻辑回归检验评估 MetS 及其各组分的风险。
总共有 205 人被诊断为 MetS。在 PRAL 和 NEAP 的四分位数中，无论是在粗模型中[Q4 PRAL：OR（95%CI）：0.94（0.67-1.32），和 NEAP：OR（95%CI）：0.88（0.63-1.25）]还是完全调整后的模型[Q4 PRAL：OR（95%CI）：0.90（0.61-1.33），和 NEAP：OR（95%CI）：1.05（0.70-1.57）]，均未发现 MetS 存在显著相关性。在 MetS 的各组分中，在校正潜在混杂因素后，较高的 NEAP 评分与血糖受损风险增加相关[OR（95%CI）：1.35（0.93-1.96）]。无论使用 PRAL 还是 NEAP，均未发现其他组分与膳食酸负荷之间存在显著相关性。
我们的研究结果表明，伊朗成年人的膳食酸负荷与 MetS 风险之间没有关联。然而，较高的膳食酸负荷（用 NEAP 衡量）而不是 PRAL，与空腹血糖受损风险增加相关。需要进行前瞻性研究，以探讨低潜在酸负荷饮食是否可以降低 MetS 风险。
