Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089, Milano, Italy.
MANIBUS-Movement and Body in Behavioral and Physiological Neuroscience-Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Nat Commun. 2020 Feb 4;11(1):705. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14517-4.
A challenge for neuroscience is to understand the conscious and unconscious processes underlying construction of willed actions. We investigated the neural substrate of human motor awareness during awake brain surgery. In a first experiment, awake patients performed a voluntary hand motor task and verbally monitored their real-time performance, while different brain areas were transiently impaired by direct electrical stimulation (DES). In a second experiment, awake patients retrospectively reported their motor performance after DES. Based on anatomo-clinical evidence from motor awareness disorders following brain damage, the premotor cortex (PMC) was selected as a target area and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as a control area. In both experiments, DES on both PMC and S1 interrupted movement execution, but only DES on PMC dramatically altered the patients' motor awareness, making them unconscious of the motor arrest. These findings endorse PMC as a crucial hub in the anatomo-functional network of human motor awareness.
神经科学面临的一项挑战是理解意志行为构建所基于的意识和无意识过程。我们研究了在清醒开颅手术期间人类运动意识的神经基础。在第一个实验中，清醒的患者进行了自愿的手部运动任务，并实时口头监测他们的表现，同时不同的脑区通过直接电刺激（DES）短暂受损。在第二个实验中，清醒的患者在 DES 后回顾性报告他们的运动表现。基于脑损伤后运动意识障碍的解剖临床证据，选择了运动前皮质（PMC）作为目标区域，初级体感皮质（S1）作为对照区域。在两个实验中，PMC 和 S1 的 DES 均中断了运动执行，但只有 PMC 的 DES 极大地改变了患者的运动意识，使他们对运动停止没有意识。这些发现支持 PMC 作为人类运动意识的解剖功能网络中的关键枢纽。
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