Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
J Anal Toxicol. 2020 Apr 2;44(5):482-489. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaa007.
This study presents a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of drug abuse in Shanghai by hair analysis. Files and toxicology analysis results of a total of 5,610 cases requesting for hair analysis of abused drugs at the Academy of Forensic Science (AFS) in Shanghai over 12 months between August 2018 and July 2019 were reviewed. All cases of drug abuse identified by hair analysis were from the public security organs in Shanghai, China. Hair samples were analyzed for drugs of abuse and related metabolites, mainly including amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ketamine (K), norketamine (NK), cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, flunitrazepam, and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Among the 5,610 cases, 1,713 (30.5%) were positive for drugs of abuse, with amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) (57%), including amphetamines (AMP and MA) (48%), MDMA and MDA (9%), being the most frequently detected drugs, followed by THC (14%), COC (8%), 5-MeO-DIPT (8%), and K (7%). The majority (75%) of positive hair samples were from male subjects. Overall, 77% of abusers were younger than 44 years old. The proportion of female subjects (22.3%) under 24 years was larger than that of male subjects (7.8%). There were 132 cases (7.7%) in which more than one type of drug was detected among 1,713 drug-positive cases. The most common combination was MDMA and K. The present study characterizes the current toxicological profile of drug abuse cases and provides a scientific basis for drug abuse prevention. Moreover, the hair concentration distributions of the commonly abused drugs in positive cases have been reported.
本研究通过毛发分析对上海地区药物滥用的流行情况进行回顾性分析。对 2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 7 月间上海司法鉴定科学研究院（AFS）12 个月内接受毛发中毒物分析的 5610 例药物滥用请求的档案和毒理学分析结果进行了回顾性分析。通过毛发分析鉴定的所有药物滥用病例均来自中国上海的公安部门。毛发样本用于分析滥用药物和相关代谢物，主要包括苯丙胺（AMP）、甲基苯丙胺（MA）、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）、四氢大麻酚（THC）、氯胺酮（K）、去甲氯胺酮（NK）、可卡因（COC）、苯甲酰爱康宁、吗啡、6-乙酰吗啡、氟硝西泮和 5-甲氧基-N,N-二异丙基色胺（5-MeO-DIPT），采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）。在 5610 例中，有 1713 例（30.5%）对药物呈阳性反应，其中苯丙胺类兴奋剂（ATS）（57%）最常见，包括苯丙胺（AMP 和 MA）（48%）、MDMA 和 MDA（9%），其次是 THC（14%）、COC（8%）、5-MeO-DIPT（8%）和 K（7%）。阳性毛发样本的大多数（75%）来自男性。总体而言，77%的滥用者年龄小于 44 岁。24 岁以下的女性（22.3%）比例大于男性（7.8%）。在 1713 例药物阳性病例中，有 132 例（7.7%）检测到一种以上药物。最常见的组合是 MDMA 和 K。本研究描述了当前药物滥用病例的毒理学特征，为药物滥用预防提供了科学依据。此外，还报告了阳性病例中常见滥用药物的毛发浓度分布。
