Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 Jan 21;15:419-432. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S217870. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND: Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) is a promising adjuvant for chemotherapy, potentiating the action of anticancer agents. However, drug delivery to cancer cells must be optimized to improve the overall therapeutic effect of drug/MFH combination treatments. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to demonstrate the potentiation of 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) at various combination treatments with MFH, using low-intensity ultrasound as an intracellular delivery enhancer. METHODS: The effect of ultrasound (US), MFH, and PES was first evaluated individually and then as combination treatments. Definity microbubbles and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were used to induce cell sonoporation and MFH, respectively. Assessment of cell membrane permeabilization was evaluated via fluorescence microscopy, iron uptake by cells was quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cell viability was determined using automatic cell counting. RESULTS: Notable reductions in cancer cell viability were observed when ultrasound was incorporated. For example, the treatment US+PES reduced cell viability by 37% compared to the non-toxic effect of the drug. Similarly, the treatment US+MFH using mild hyperthermia (41°C), reduced cell viability by an additional 18% when compared to the effect of MH alone. Significant improvements were observed for the combination of US+PES+MFH with cell viability reduced by an additional 26% compared to the PES+MFH group. The improved cytotoxicity was attributed to enhanced drug/nanoparticle intracellular delivery, with iron uptake values nearly twice those achieved without ultrasound. Various treatment schedules were examined, and all of them showed substantial cell death, indicating that the time elapsed between sonoporation and magnetic field exposure was not significant. CONCLUSION: Superior cancer cell-killing patterns took place when ultrasound was incorporated thus demonstrating the in vitro ultrasonic potentiation of PES and mild MFH. This work demonstrated that ultrasound is a promising non-invasive enhancer of PES/MFH combination treatments, aiming to establish a sono-thermo-chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
背景:磁流体热疗(MFH)是化疗的一种有前途的辅助手段,可增强抗癌药物的作用。然而,必须优化药物向癌细胞的输送,以提高药物/MFH 联合治疗的整体治疗效果。
目的:本工作旨在证明在低强度超声作为细胞内递药增强剂的情况下,2-苯乙硫脲(PES)与 MFH 的各种联合治疗具有增效作用。
方法:首先单独评估超声(US)、MFH 和 PES 的作用,然后评估联合治疗的作用。使用 Definity 微泡和聚乙二醇(PEG)包覆的氧化铁纳米颗粒分别诱导细胞声孔和 MFH。通过荧光显微镜评估细胞膜通透性,通过紫外-可见光谱法定量测量细胞内铁摄取,通过自动细胞计数法测定细胞活力。
结果:当加入超声时,观察到癌细胞活力显著降低。例如,与药物的非毒性作用相比,US+PES 处理使细胞活力降低了 37%。同样,与单独 MFH 相比,使用温和热疗(41°C)的 US+MFH 处理使细胞活力进一步降低了 18%。与 PES+MFH 组相比,US+PES+MFH 联合治疗观察到显著改善,细胞活力降低了 26%。这种增强的细胞毒性归因于增强的药物/纳米颗粒细胞内递药,铁摄取值几乎是没有超声时的两倍。研究了各种治疗方案,所有方案均显示出大量细胞死亡,表明声孔和磁场暴露之间的时间间隔并不重要。
结论:当加入超声时,发生了更好的癌细胞杀伤模式,从而证明了 PES 和温和 MFH 的体外超声增效作用。本工作表明,超声是 PES/MFH 联合治疗的一种很有前途的非侵入性增强剂,旨在建立卵巢癌的声-热-化疗治疗方法。
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