Kreienbring F, Wünsche J, Kesting U
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Forschungszentrum für Tierproduktion Dummerstorf-Rostock, Bereich Tierernährung Oskar Kellner.
Arch Tierernahr. 1988 Jul-Aug;38(7-8):573-84.
Digestibility experiments were made with nearly full-grown female fattening pigs supplied with large-scale T-cannulae implanted in the distal ileum to collect the digesta in order to test 11, mainly dried and pelleted, kinds of forage plants (9 samples of lucerne cut at different times as well as green rye and whole plants of maize) as supplements to a basic diet. All samples were analysed to their content of HCl-insoluble ash as marker and their content of amino acids (AA). The calculation of the apparent precaecal and faecal crude protein (CP) digestibility and of the absorption values of the essential AA lysine, methionine, cystine, isoleucine, threonine and tryptophan as well as of glutamic acid was carried out according to the difference method. CP digestibility of the experimental diets was precaecally reduced by 5 to 20 and faecally by 3 to 13 units by supplements of at least 25% of the dry matter; for some of the AA the reduction was even bigger and dispersion between the values of the individual animals was essentially increased in comparison with the basic ration. Faecally, the precaecal differences of CP digestibility and AA absorption caused by the various alfalfa samples, are largely blurred. The CP and AA digestibility of the forage plants partly showed very big individual differences between the animals. Precaecally, a CP digestibility of more than 48% could not be ascertained. Similarly to the lysine content, precaecal lysine absorption from the kinds of roughage showed big differences. Whereas the absorption values for methionine of between 60 and 87% were relatively high, those for cystine were mostly very low, often in the negative range. This underlines that normal digestion processes are strongly influenced by high supplements of forage plants so that the constancy of the digestibility of the basic ration must be doubted under these conditions. The bacterial processes in the large intestine greatly level out the differences found precaecally between the various kinds of feedstuffs. The faecal digestibility and absorption values were considerably above those measured precaecally; methionine digestibility only was mostly considerably diminished in comparison with precaecal values due to synthesis in the large intestine. A significant positive correlation could be calculated between the lysine content of the 9 alfalfa samples (4.0 to 6.6 g/16 g N) and the apparent precaecal values of lysine absorption (2.2 to 67.6%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
利用近成年雌性育肥猪进行消化率实验，这些猪植入了大型T型套管，位于回肠末端，用于收集消化物，以测试11种主要为干燥和制粒的饲用植物（9份不同时期收割的苜蓿样本以及青黑麦和玉米全株）作为基础日粮的补充物。对所有样本分析了其作为标记物的盐酸不溶性灰分含量以及氨基酸（AA）含量。根据差值法计算盲肠前和粪便中粗蛋白（CP）的表观消化率以及必需氨基酸赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸以及谷氨酸的吸收值。当补充至少25%的干物质时，实验日粮的CP盲肠前消化率降低5至20个单位，粪便消化率降低3至13个单位；对于某些氨基酸，降低幅度甚至更大，与基础日粮相比，个体动物之间的值的离散度显著增加。在粪便中，各种苜蓿样本引起的CP消化率和氨基酸吸收的盲肠前差异在很大程度上被模糊了。饲用植物的CP和AA消化率在动物之间部分表现出非常大的个体差异。盲肠前无法确定CP消化率超过48%。与赖氨酸含量类似，不同种类粗饲料的盲肠前赖氨酸吸收存在很大差异。蛋氨酸的吸收值在60%至87%之间相对较高，而胱氨酸的吸收值大多非常低，常常处于负值范围。这突出表明正常消化过程受到高比例饲用植物补充的强烈影响，因此在这些条件下基础日粮消化率的稳定性值得怀疑。大肠中的细菌过程极大地消除了不同种类饲料在盲肠前所发现的差异。粪便消化率和吸收值显著高于盲肠前所测值；仅蛋氨酸消化率与盲肠前值相比大多因在大肠中的合成而显著降低。在9份苜蓿样本的赖氨酸含量（4.0至6.6 g/16 g N）与赖氨酸吸收的表观盲肠前值（2.2%至67.6%）之间可以计算出显著的正相关。
