Stabenau J R
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1977 Mar;164(3):149-67. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197703000-00001.
The major psychoses have been investigated for genetic and environmental etiological factors for over two centuries. Recent emphasis has been placed on a genetic (diathesis) environmental stress model. For schizophrenia, manic-depressive, and schizo-affective psychoses, research evidence from psycho-biological studies, family, pedigree, twin, and adoptee studies has provided sufficient data from diagnostic and follow-up studies and new psychopharmacological research that for these three major psychoses a strong necessary but not sufficient basis for genetic causation exists. This review attempts to summarize existing data into a hypothesis that suggests that two separate gene pools of polygenic nature relate to the development of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness and that schizo-affective illness may result from genetic transmission from each of these separate gene pools. The hypothetical model for each psychosis proposes that polygenetic inheritance affects different central nervous system neuroanatomical sites in the human which are in homeostasis as to catecholamine neurotransmitter regulation of the psyche. With sufficient environmental stress, an "imbalance" occurs in the neural integrative systems which produces phenotypically the three separate psychotic behavioral syndromes of schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and schizo-affective psychosis.
两个多世纪以来，人们一直在研究主要精神病的遗传和环境病因。最近的重点是遗传（素质）-环境应激模型。对于精神分裂症、躁郁症和分裂情感性精神病，心理生物学研究、家庭、谱系、双胞胎和领养研究的证据，从诊断和随访研究以及新的精神药理学研究中提供了足够的数据，表明对于这三种主要精神病，存在强有力的遗传病因必要但不充分的基础。本综述试图将现有数据总结成一个假说，即两个不同的多基因性质的基因库与精神分裂症和躁郁症的发生有关，而分裂情感性精神病可能是由这两个不同基因库各自的遗传传递导致的。每种精神病的假说模型提出，多基因遗传影响人类不同的中枢神经系统神经解剖部位，这些部位在儿茶酚胺神经递质对心理的调节方面处于平衡状态。在足够的环境应激下，神经整合系统会出现“失衡”，从而在表型上产生精神分裂症、躁郁症和分裂情感性精神病这三种不同的精神病行为综合征。
