Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2020 Jul;76(7):2406-2414. doi: 10.1002/ps.5779. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), one of the most devastating viruses of ornamental plants and vegetable crops worldwide, is transmitted by the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in a persistent-propagative manner. How TSWV influences the reproduction of its vector to enhance transmission and whether infection with TSWV changes the mating behavior of F. occidentalis are not fully understood.
TSWV-exposed thrips had a significantly longer developmental time than non-exposed individuals. More importantly, increased developmental time was predominantly associated with adults, a stage critical for dispersal and virus transmission. In addition, TSWV-exposed F. occidentalis produced substantially more progeny than did non-exposed thrips. Interestingly, most of the increase in progeny came from an increase in males, a sex with a greater dispersal and virus transmission capability. Specifically, the female/male ratio of progeny shifted from 1.3-7.0/1 to 0.6-1.1/1. As for mating behavior, copulation time was significantly longer in TSWV-exposed thrips. Finally, females tended to re-mate less when exposed to the virus. Resistance to re-mating may lead to reduced sperm availability in females, which translates to a larger number of male progeny under a haplodiploid system.
These combined results suggest that TSWV can influence the developmental time, mating behavior, fecundity, and offspring sex allocation of its vector F. occidentalis to facilitate virus transmission. As such, a monitoring program capable of the earlier detection of the virus in host plants and/or its insect vector, thrips, using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or virus detection strips might be beneficial for long-term, sustainable management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）是世界范围内观赏植物和蔬菜作物最具破坏性的病毒之一，它通过西方花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）以持久增殖的方式传播。TSWV 如何影响其载体的繁殖以增强传播，以及感染 TSWV 是否改变了西方花蓟马的交配行为，这些都不完全清楚。
暴露于 TSWV 的蓟马的发育时间明显长于未暴露于 TSWV 的个体。更重要的是，发育时间的增加主要与成虫有关，成虫是传播和病毒传播的关键阶段。此外，暴露于 TSWV 的西方花蓟马产生的后代明显多于未暴露于 TSWV 的蓟马。有趣的是，后代的大部分增加来自雄性的增加，雄性具有更大的扩散和病毒传播能力。具体来说，后代的雌/雄比例从 1.3-7.0/1 转变为 0.6-1.1/1。至于交配行为，暴露于 TSWV 的蓟马的交配时间明显延长。最后，当雌性暴露于病毒时，它们重新交配的趋势减少。对重新交配的抵抗力可能导致雌性体内可用精子减少，这在单倍体系统下转化为更多的雄性后代。
这些综合结果表明，TSWV 可以影响其载体西方花蓟马的发育时间、交配行为、繁殖力和后代性别分配，以促进病毒传播。因此，使用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（DAS-ELISA）、实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）或病毒检测条的早期检测宿主植物和/或其昆虫载体蓟马中病毒的监测方案可能有利于长期、可持续的管理。© 2020 化学工业协会。
