Gebrehiwet Gebremedhin Bizayene, Kahsay Atsebeha Gebrekidan, Welekidan Letmichael Negash, Hagos Amlsha Kahsay, Abay Getahun Kahsay, Hagos Dawit Gebreegziabiher
Afar Regional Laboratory, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019 Jan 31;13(1):21-27. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10462.
Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5,000 MDR-TB patients are reported each year. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF) resistant strains are resistant to isoniazid (INH) and hence the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of RIF resistant MTB among presumptive TB cases at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia.
In this cross-sectional study, 384 presumptive TB cases were recruited and a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Sputum samples were collected and examined using X-pertMTB/RIF assay. Bivariate, multivariate logistic regressions, and fishers' exact analysis were done to assess the associations between the prevalence of TB and MDR-TB with different socio-demographic and clinical variables.
In the present study, the overall prevalence of pulmonary TB was 24.5% (94/384), of this 4 (4.3%) isolates were resistant to RIF. History of anti-TB treatment (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.4 and TB contact (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.2 were significantly associated with gene X-pert MTB/RIF positive TB. Moreover, resistance to rifampicin was statistically associated with the history of TB contact with multi-drug resistant TB (P = 0.027) and khat chewer cases (P = 0.04).
The overall prevalence of TB and its drug-resistant were relatively higher than that of in the general population in Ethiopia. History of anti-TB treatment and TB contact were significantly associated with X-pert MTB/RIF positive MDR-TB.
埃塞俄比亚在非洲耐多药结核病（TB）方面位居第三，每年报告的耐多药结核病患者超过5000例。超过90%的利福平（RIF）耐药菌株对异烟肼（INH）耐药，因此本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚阿法尔州杜比综合医院疑似结核病病例中耐利福平结核分枝杆菌（MTB）的患病率和危险因素。
在这项横断面研究中，招募了384例疑似结核病病例，并使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学和临床数据。收集痰液样本并使用Xpert MTB/RIF检测法进行检测。进行双变量、多变量逻辑回归分析和费舍尔精确分析，以评估结核病患病率和耐多药结核病与不同社会人口统计学和临床变量之间的关联。
在本研究中，肺结核的总体患病率为24.5%（94/384），其中4例（4.3%）分离株对利福平耐药。抗结核治疗史（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.4，95%置信区间[CI]：1.3 - 4.4）和结核病接触史（AOR = 3.6，95%CI：2.1 - 6.2）与基因Xpert MTB/RIF阳性结核病显著相关。此外，对利福平的耐药性在统计学上与耐多药结核病的结核病接触史（P = 0.027）和恰特草咀嚼者病例（P = 0.04）相关。
埃塞俄比亚结核病及其耐药性的总体患病率相对高于一般人群。抗结核治疗史和结核病接触史与Xpert MTB/RIF阳性耐多药结核病显著相关。
