Clavicle Trauma: From Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries to Distal Clavicle Fractures and Midshaft Fractures in Contact Athletes.

Injuries to the clavicle and its articulations (the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints) are becoming increasingly common. Conventional treatment has been dominated by nonsurgical techniques; however, the active patient was often left with substantial residual disability that was underreported. It is now recognized that surgical intervention may be advantageous in specific patients, especially athletes. Surgeons should consider pathophysiology, indications, and surgical techniques to best manage these injuries.