Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Viruses. 2020 Feb 5;12(2):181. doi: 10.3390/v12020181.
DEAD-box helicases are a large family of conserved RNA-binding proteins that belong to the broader group of cellular DExD/H helicases. Members of the DEAD-box helicase family have roles throughout cellular RNA metabolism from biogenesis to decay. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that cellular RNA helicases, including DEAD-box helicases, play roles in the recognition of foreign nucleic acids and the modulation of viral infection. As intracellular parasites, viruses must evade detection by innate immune sensing mechanisms and degradation by cellular machinery while also manipulating host cell processes to facilitate replication. The ability of DEAD-box helicases to recognize RNA in a sequence-independent manner, as well as the breadth of cellular functions carried out by members of this family, lead them to influence innate recognition and viral infections in multiple ways. Indeed, DEAD-box helicases have been shown to contribute to intracellular immune sensing, act as antiviral effectors, and even to be coopted by viruses to promote their replication. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions, as well as the cellular roles of DEAD-box helicases themselves, is limited in many cases. We will discuss the diverse roles that members of the DEAD-box helicase family play during viral infections.
DEAD -box 解旋酶是一大类保守的 RNA 结合蛋白，属于更广泛的细胞 DExD/H 解旋酶家族。DEAD -box 解旋酶家族的成员在从生物发生到降解的整个细胞 RNA 代谢中发挥作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明，包括 DEAD -box 解旋酶在内的细胞 RNA 解旋酶在识别外来核酸和调节病毒感染方面发挥作用。作为细胞内寄生虫，病毒必须逃避先天免疫感应机制的检测和细胞机制的降解，同时操纵宿主细胞过程以促进复制。DEAD -box 解旋酶能够以序列非依赖性的方式识别 RNA，以及该家族成员执行的广泛的细胞功能，使它们能够以多种方式影响先天识别和病毒感染。事实上，已经表明 DEAD -box 解旋酶有助于细胞内免疫感应，作为抗病毒效应物，甚至被病毒劫持以促进其复制。然而，在许多情况下，我们对这些相互作用的机制以及 DEAD-box 解旋酶本身的细胞作用的理解是有限的。我们将讨论 DEAD-box 解旋酶家族成员在病毒感染期间发挥的多种作用。
