Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Gut Microbes. 2020 May 3;11(3):610-619. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1700756. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Gaining a complete understanding of transmission risk factors will assist in efforts to reduce new HIV infections, especially within the disproportionally affected population of men who have sex with men (MSM). We recently reported that the fecal microbiota of MSM elevates immune activation in gnotobiotic mice and enhances HIV infection over that of fecal microbiota from men who have sex with women. We also demonstrated elevation of the gut homing marker CD103 (integrin αE) on CD4 T cells by MSM-microbiota. Here we provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is a risk factor for HIV transmission in MSM by showing elevated frequencies of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 on CD4 T cells in human rectosigmoid colon biopsies. We discuss our interest in specific MSM-associated bacteria and propose the influx of CD103 and CCR5 CD4 T cells into the colon as a potential link between the MSM microbiota and HIV transmission.
充分了解传播风险因素将有助于减少新的 HIV 感染，特别是在受影响不成比例的男男性行为者（MSM）人群中。我们最近报道称，MSM 的粪便微生物组会增加无菌小鼠的免疫激活，并增强 HIV 感染，超过了来自与女性发生性行为的男性的粪便微生物组。我们还证明了 MSM 微生物组会使 CD4 T 细胞上的肠道归巢标志物 CD103（整合素 αE）升高。在这里，我们通过显示人类直肠乙状结肠活检中 CD4 T 细胞上 HIV 辅助受体 CCR5 的频率升高，提供了更多证据表明肠道微生物组是 MSM 中 HIV 传播的一个风险因素。我们讨论了我们对特定与 MSM 相关的细菌的兴趣，并提出 CD103 和 CCR5 CD4 T 细胞流入结肠可能是 MSM 微生物组与 HIV 传播之间的潜在联系。
