College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, China.
Food Res Int. 2020 Mar;129:108876. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108876. Epub 2019 Dec 6.
The chemical compositions and nutritional values of the water-soluble fraction (WF), myofibrillar protein (MP), and stroma protein (SP) from abalone muscle were investigated. The protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and ash contents of abalone muscle were 15.87, 6.36, 0.22, and 1.36 g/100 g, respectively. Most of the carbohydrates in the abalone muscle were released easily into water, and potassium was the most abundant mineral. WF and SP were rich in essential and umami amino acids, and all three fractions had high arginine contents. The essential amino acid index and predicted biological value of WF were 75.84 and 90.96, respectively. These values were considerably higher than those of MP and SP. Meanwhile, the predicted protein efficiency ratio of MP was the highest. Lysine was the first limiting essential amino acid (EAA) in MP and SP, and the score of the first limiting EAA (tryptophan) in WF was more than 100%. The in vitro protein digestibility of WF and SP was approximately 92% higher than that of MP. The in vivo experiments showed that WF was the easiest to digest. The nutritional value and high digestibility of WF can be claimed as a high-quality protein source based on the current findings.
研究了鲍鱼肌肉中水溶性部分（WF）、肌原纤维蛋白（MP）和基质蛋白（SP）的化学成分和营养价值。鲍鱼肌肉中的蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂质和灰分含量分别为 15.87、6.36、0.22 和 1.36 g/100 g。鲍鱼肌肉中的大部分碳水化合物容易释放到水中，钾是最丰富的矿物质。WF 和 SP 富含必需和鲜味氨基酸，这三个部分都含有高精氨酸含量。WF 的必需氨基酸指数和预测生物价值分别为 75.84 和 90.96，明显高于 MP 和 SP。同时，MP 的预测蛋白质效率比最高。赖氨酸是 MP 和 SP 中的第一限制必需氨基酸（EAA），WF 中第一限制 EAA（色氨酸）的得分超过 100%。WF 和 SP 的体外蛋白质消化率比 MP 高约 92%。体内实验表明 WF 最容易消化。根据目前的研究结果，可以声称 WF 具有高营养价值和高消化率，是一种高质量的蛋白质来源。
