Jacobi Anne, van Zyl Tavé
Department for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2020 Feb;237(2):133-139. doi: 10.1055/a-1079-5778. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible blindness over time. Its defining feature is the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye and their axons in the optic nerve. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma, but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disease and its progression; this motivates research and development of new strategies for the detection and treatment of glaucoma that focus on neuroprotection - protection of RGCs from dying. In addition, for diagnosis and treatment by reducing IOP, new approaches have been developed in recent years. This article reviews current theories of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying glaucoma and recent research - with a focus on neuroprotection and current preclinical and clinical studies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
青光眼是一种神经退行性疾病，随着时间的推移会导致不可逆的失明。其主要特征是眼部视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）及其在视神经中的轴突丧失。眼内压升高（IOP）是青光眼发生的主要危险因素，但对于该疾病及其进展而言，既非必要条件也不充分；这推动了针对青光眼检测和治疗的新策略的研发，这些策略侧重于神经保护——保护RGCs免于死亡。此外，为了通过降低眼内压进行诊断和治疗，近年来已开发出了新方法。本文综述了青光眼潜在病理生理机制的当前理论以及近期研究——重点关注神经保护以及改善青光眼诊断和治疗的当前临床前和临床研究。
