The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Feb 10;20(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8318-4.
BACKGROUND: The concept of physical literacy (PL) is gaining popularity within public health and physical education circles. However, little is known about the relationship between perceived and actual PL levels among school-aged children. The aim of this study is to explore the associations between perceived and actual levels of PL of primary school students in China. METHODS: A total of 327 children (153 boys and 174 girls) with a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (±1.0) years were included for analysis. PL perceptions were measured using the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument. Children's actual level of PL was objectively assessed by the Chinese version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, 2nd edition, which consists of four domains: Daily Behavior, Physical Competence, Motivation and Confidence, and Knowledge and Understanding. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between students' perceived and actual PL levels, whereas Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was calculated to investigate the gender, relative age differences, and interaction effect (2 × 4) on perceived and actual PL levels respectively. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between the perceptions and actual PL scores in both boys (r = .46, p < .01) and girls (r = .41, p < .01). Low to moderate significances were shown between each domain of perceived PL and actual PL (from .16 to .49). Further MANOVA results revealed that there were significant gender differences in the Daily Behavior domain of actual PL (F (1, 319) = 30.15, p < .001, Wilks' Λ = 540.88, η = .09). Overall, boys had both higher actual PL scores (58.9) and PL perceptions (37.3) than girls. Neither relative age effect nor interaction effect (2 × 4) was observed for the current participants in all the variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to examine the associations between the perceived and actual levels of PL in Chinese children. Additional studies should explore the importance of children's perceptions of PL when assessing the actual level of PL in physical education and health settings. Girls should be more encouraged by PE teachers to participate actively in physical activities in the school environment.
背景：身体素养（PL）的概念在公共卫生和体育教育领域越来越受欢迎。然而，对于学龄儿童的感知和实际 PL 水平之间的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨中国小学生感知和实际 PL 水平之间的关联。
方法：共纳入 327 名儿童（男 153 名，女 174 名），平均年龄（标准差）为 10.0（±1.0）岁。使用感知身体素养量表（Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument）测量 PL 感知。采用加拿大身体素养评估第二版的中文版（Chinese version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, 2nd edition）客观评估儿童的实际 PL 水平，该评估包括四个领域：日常行为、身体能力、动机和信心以及知识和理解。计算 Pearson 相关系数以检验学生感知和实际 PL 水平之间的关系，而多变量方差分析（Multivariate Analysis of Variance，MANOVA）用于分别研究性别、相对年龄差异和交互效应（2×4）对感知和实际 PL 水平的影响。
结果：男孩（r=0.46，p<0.01）和女孩（r=0.41，p<0.01）的感知和实际 PL 得分之间均存在显著相关性。感知 PL 的各个领域与实际 PL 之间的相关性从 0.16 到 0.49 不等。进一步的 MANOVA 结果显示，实际 PL 的日常行为领域存在显著的性别差异（F（1, 319）=30.15，p<0.001，Wilks' Λ=0.540.88，η=0.09）。总体而言，男孩的实际 PL 得分（58.9）和 PL 感知得分（37.3）均高于女孩。在所有变量中，均未观察到相对年龄效应或交互效应（2×4）。
结论：本研究首次探讨了中国儿童感知和实际 PL 水平之间的关联。未来的研究应探讨在体育教育和健康环境中评估实际 PL 水平时，儿童对 PL 的感知的重要性。体育教师应鼓励女孩在学校环境中更积极地参与体育活动。
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