Boston MedFlight, MA.
Boston MedFlight, MA; Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Air Med J. 2020 Jan-Feb;39(1):56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2019.09.008. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a term used to describe oxygenation that occurs outside of the body, is an increasingly common means of supporting the most critically ill patients. Because of the invasiveness and high probability of serious complications during ECMO, ECMO is typically indicated only when there is a high likelihood of death with conventional treatment. With continued improvements in technology and increasing clinical experience, transport clinicians are increasingly likely to be called on to transport patients on ECMO. ECMO can be initiated in 2 distinct forms, venovenous or venoarterial, and can primarily support the respiratory system or the cardiac and respiratory systems concurrently. This review will cover the basic physiology and components of ECMO as well as the preparation for ECMO transport for adults.
体外膜肺氧合（ECMO），是指在体外进行的氧合过程，是一种越来越常见的支持危重症患者的手段。由于 ECMO 具有侵袭性和发生严重并发症的高概率，因此通常仅在常规治疗有较高死亡风险时才进行。随着技术的不断改进和临床经验的不断增加，转运临床医生越来越有可能被要求转运 ECMO 患者。ECMO 可以通过两种不同的方式启动，即静脉-静脉或静脉-动脉，主要可以支持呼吸系统或心脏和呼吸系统同时。本文将介绍 ECMO 的基本生理学和组成部分，以及成人 ECMO 转运的准备工作。
