Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Federal District 70770-917, Brazil.
USDA-ARS Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853-2901, USA.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2020 Mar;171:107339. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107339. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
We combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) along with sequencing of the B locus intergenic region (Bloc) to assess the diversity of Brazilian species within the anamorphic genus Beauveria. A total of 121 strains maintained in a government-owned culture collection and isolated from a range of hosts/substrates over a long time span (1981-2015) were assessed. Strains were collected in five of six Brazilian biomes, mostly in the Atlantic Forest (42.2%) and Cerrado (29.8%), primarily from insect pests of crops. All strains were subjected to MS, and those not accurately identified by this technique were genomically analyzed. Among the outcomes of this study, four taxa from the genus Beauveria were recognized, with the great majority of strains belonging to B. bassiana s.str. (93.4%), followed by B. caledonica (2.5%), B. pseudobassiana (2.5%) and B. amorpha (1.6%). B. bassiana s.str. was found in all biomes and isolated from a wide range of hosts/substrates. Due to low numbers, associations of the remaining Beauveria species with specific hosts or habitats/biomes were not clear, except that all three B. caledonica strains were found only in the Cerrado biome and were associated with adults of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Col.:Curculionidae). B. pseudobassiana is reported for the first time on the South American continent, in a subtropical region and from two insect orders not yet associated with this taxon. We also showed that some strains previously ascribed to B. brongniartii were misidentifications. The biodiversity of Beauveria analyzed in our study was comparatively low. The geographic origins of strains used in our study were biased towards biomes with intense human interventions. Future surveys on more conserved, less environmentally disturbed biomes, such as Caatinga, Pampa, Pantanal, and Amazon are needed for a more comprehensive picture of the diversity of Beauveria and related genera in Brazil.
我们结合基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱 (MALDI-TOF MS) 以及 B 基因座基因间区 (Bloc) 的测序，评估了巴西变形虫属内各物种的多样性。评估了保存在一个政府拥有的培养物收藏中的总共 121 株菌株，这些菌株是在很长一段时间内（1981-2015 年）从各种宿主/基质中分离出来的。这些菌株分布在巴西的六个生物群落中的五个，主要是在大西洋森林（42.2%）和塞拉多（29.8%），主要来自农作物的害虫。所有菌株都进行了 MS 分析，未通过该技术准确鉴定的菌株进行了基因组分析。在本研究的结果中，识别出了该属的四个分类群，其中绝大多数菌株属于 B. bassiana s.str.（93.4%），其次是 B. caledonica（2.5%）、B. pseudobassiana（2.5%）和 B. amorpha（1.6%）。B. bassiana s.str. 在所有生物群中均有发现，并且从广泛的宿主/基质中分离出来。由于数量较少，除了三种 B. caledonica 菌株仅在塞拉多生物群中发现并且与香蕉象鼻虫 Cosmopolites sordidus（Col.：Curculionidae）的成虫有关之外，其余的 Beauveria 物种与特定的宿主或栖息地/生物群的关联尚不清楚。B. pseudobassiana 是首次在南美洲报告的，在亚热带地区并且来自尚未与该分类群相关联的两个昆虫目。我们还表明，一些先前归因于 B. brongniartii 的菌株是错误鉴定的。在我们的研究中分析的 Beauveria 生物多样性相对较低。我们研究中使用的菌株的地理起源偏向于受人类干预强烈的生物群。未来需要对更为保守、环境干扰较小的生物群（如卡廷加、潘塔纳尔、亚马逊等）进行调查，以更全面地了解巴西的 Beauveria 和相关属的多样性。
