VIDEO: Dynamic Ultrasound Evaluation for Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Extremities: Hand, Wrist, and Ankle.

The purpose of this article is to show the sonographic anatomy of the extremities relevant to various ligamentous, tendinous, and articular injuries occurring in the hand, wrist, and ankle. A brief discussion and depiction of the specific elements relevant to the pathophysiologic mechanism of these entities is followed by demonstrations of the dynamic ultrasound techniques that can be used to diagnose these injuries. The schematics and video clips illustrate the normal and pathologic features of these injuries. The first two videos discuss soft-tissue injuries to the hand and wrist, and the third addresses ankle injuries. After clinical assessment, dynamic ultrasound examination is a useful tool for diagnosing and assessing the degree of severity of several soft-tissue injuries to the extremities, some of which can be detected only during active movement. Familiarity with these specific dynamic techniques will enhance the value of the ultrasound examination.