Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Wanjiang University of Technology, Maanshan 243031, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 7;17(3):1046. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031046.
The reaction between organic matter and disinfectants leads to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. With the improvement of detection technology and in-depth research, more than 1000 kinds of DBPs have been detected in drinking water. Nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) are more genotoxic and cytotoxic than the regulated DBPs. The main methods are enhanced coagulation, pretreatment, and depth technologies which based are on conventional technology. Amino acids (AAs) are widely found in surface waters and play an important role by providing precursors from which toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are generated in chlorinated drinking water. The formation of N-DBPs, including dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, and trichloronitromethane (TCNM), was investigated by analyzing chlorinated water using ozone (OZ), permanganate (PM), and ferrate (Fe(VI)) pre-oxidation processes. This paper has considered the control of pre-oxidation over N-DBPs formation of AAs, OZ, PM, and Fe(VI) pre-oxidation reduced the haloacetonitrile formation in the downstream chlorination. PM pre-oxidation decreased the TCNM formation during the subsequent chlorination, while Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had no significant influence on the TCNM formation, and OZ pre-oxidation increased the formation. OZ pre-oxidation formed the lowest degree of bromine substitution during subsequent chlorination of aspartic acid in the presence of bromide. Among the three oxidants, PM pre-oxidation was expected to be the best choice for reducing the estimated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the sum of the measured haloacetonitriles (HANs) and TCNM without bromide. Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had the best performance in the presence of bromide.
有机物和消毒剂之间的反应会导致饮用水中形成消毒副产物 (DBPs)。随着检测技术的提高和深入研究，在饮用水中已经检测到超过 1000 种 DBPs。含氮 DBPs (N-DBPs) 的遗传毒性和细胞毒性比规定的 DBPs 更强。主要方法是在常规技术基础上，采用强化混凝、预处理和深度技术。氨基酸 (AAs) 在地表水中广泛存在，通过提供前体物质，在氯化饮用水中生成有毒的含氮消毒副产物 (N-DBPs)，从而发挥重要作用。通过分析臭氧化 (OZ)、高锰酸盐 (PM) 和高铁酸盐 (Fe(VI)) 预氧化过程中的氯化水，研究了 N-DBPs 的形成，包括二氯乙腈、三氯乙腈和三氯硝基甲烷 (TCNM)。本文考虑了预氧化对 AAs 形成 N-DBPs 的控制作用，OZ、PM 和 Fe(VI) 预氧化降低了下游氯化过程中卤乙腈的形成。PM 预氧化降低了后续氯化过程中 TCNM 的形成，而 Fe(VI) 预氧化对 TCNM 的形成没有显著影响，OZ 预氧化则增加了 TCNM 的形成。在溴化物存在的情况下，OZ 预氧化在后续氯化天冬氨酸的过程中形成了最低程度的溴取代。在三种氧化剂中，PM 预氧化有望成为在没有溴化物的情况下降低估计遗传毒性和细胞毒性的卤乙腈 (HANs) 和 TCNM 总和的最佳选择。在有溴化物存在的情况下，Fe(VI) 预氧化的效果最好。
