Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 94, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
Molecules. 2020 Feb 7;25(3):713. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030713.
Surface water is the recipient of pollutants from various sources, including improperly treated wastewater. Comprehensive knowledge of the composition of water is necessary to make it reusable in water-scarce environments. In this work, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) was combined with multivariate analysis to study the metabolites in four rivers and four wastewater treatment plants releasing treated effluents into the rivers. H-NMR chemical shifts of the extracts in CDCl were acquired with Bruker 400. Chemical shifts of H-NMR in chlorinated alkanes, amino compounds and fluorinated hydrocarbons were common to samples of wastewater and lower reaches or the rivers. H-NMR chemical shifts of carbonyl compounds and alkyl phosphates were restricted to wastewater samples. Chemical shifts of phenolic compounds were associated with treated effluent samples. This study showed that the sources of these metabolites in the rivers were not only from improperly treated effluents but also from runoffs. Multivariate analyses showed that some of the freshwater samples were not of better quality than wastewater and treated effluents. Observations show the need for constant monitoring of rivers and effluent for the safety of the aquatic environment.
地表水是各种污染源的污染物的接受者，包括未经适当处理的废水。为了在水资源匮乏的环境中重复使用水，全面了解水的组成是必要的。在这项工作中，质子核磁共振（H-NMR）与多元分析相结合，研究了排入河流的四条河流和四个污水处理厂中处理后的废水的代谢物。使用 Bruker 400 获得了在 CDCl 中提取的 H-NMR 的化学位移。氯化烷烃、氨基化合物和氟碳化合物的 H-NMR 化学位移在废水和河流下游或下游的样品中是常见的。羰基化合物和烷基磷酸盐的 H-NMR 化学位移仅限于废水样品。酚类化合物的化学位移与处理后的废水样品有关。本研究表明，这些代谢物在河流中的来源不仅来自未经适当处理的废水，还来自径流。多元分析表明，一些淡水样本的水质并不比废水和处理后的废水好。这些观察结果表明，需要对河流和废水进行持续监测，以确保水生态环境的安全。
