Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2020 Mar 18;52(3):268-280. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmz158.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe economic losses through severe morbidity and mortality and poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Significant efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics; however, the interaction of NDV with the host is not yet fully understood. Interferons (IFNs), an integral component of innate immune signaling, act as the first line of defense against invading viruses. Compared with the mammalian repertoire of IFNs, limited information is available on the antiviral potential of IFNs in chickens. Here, we expressed chicken IFN-γ (chIFN-γ) using a baculovirus expression vector system, characterized its antiviral potential against NDV, and determined its antiviral potential. Priming of chicken embryo fibroblasts with chIFN-γ elicited an antiviral environment in primary cells, which was mainly due to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). A genome-wide transcriptomics approach was used to elucidate the possible signaling pathways associated with IFN-γ-induced immune responses. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed significant induction of ISG-associated pathways, activated temporal expression of ISGs, antiviral mediators, and transcriptional regulators in a cascade of antiviral responses. Collectively, we found that IFN-γ significantly elicited an antiviral response against NDV infection. These data provide a foundation for chIFN-γ-mediated antiviral responses and underpin functional annotation of these important chIFN-γ-induced antiviral influencers.
新城疫病毒（NDV）可引起严重的发病率和死亡率，给全球家禽业造成严重的经济损失。人们已投入大量努力来开发新型疫苗和疗法；然而，NDV 与宿主的相互作用还未完全阐明。干扰素（IFNs）是先天免疫信号的重要组成部分，是抵御入侵病毒的第一道防线。与哺乳动物的 IFN 种类相比，关于 IFN 在鸡中的抗病毒潜力的信息有限。在这里，我们使用杆状病毒表达载体系统表达了鸡 IFN-γ（chIFN-γ），研究了其对 NDV 的抗病毒潜力，并确定了其抗病毒机制。chIFN-γ 对鸡胚成纤维细胞的预刺激可在原代细胞中引发抗病毒环境，主要是由于干扰素刺激基因（ISGs）。我们采用全基因组转录组学方法阐明了与 IFN-γ 诱导的免疫反应相关的可能信号通路。RNA-seq 数据显示，在抗病毒反应的级联中，ISG 相关途径、ISGs、抗病毒介质和转录调节因子的时空表达被显著诱导。总的来说，我们发现 IFN-γ 可显著引发针对 NDV 感染的抗病毒反应。这些数据为 chIFN-γ 介导的抗病毒反应提供了基础，并为这些重要的 chIFN-γ 诱导的抗病毒因子的功能注释提供了依据。
