Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy.
Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy
Med Humanit. 2020 Dec;46(4):492-498. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2019-011721. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Starting in 1865, regulations pursuant to public hygiene issued by the Unitary Government provided for administrative and political control of the funerary practice. Specifically, they regulated the management of cemeteries and the burials, increasingly drawing the funeral rituals from the control of the Church and of Catholicism, therefore secularising death for the construction of a new political religion. Hygiene became fundamental in order to promulgate cremation as a system of preserving the integrity of the bodies, preserving the ashes as a tangible and indestructible product of body matter and as a measure to protect public health by eliminating the risk of miasmatic pollution of the air caused by the cadaveric fumes. In the early 1870s, the practice of cremation began to spread, especially in the territories of Lombardy-Veneto and Savoy, as an expression of the progressive policies of the new Italian state, antagonistic to the old Catholic religious traditions. This paper intends to highlight the key aspects of the political significance that the cremation took on during the Risorgimento period, while also illustrating the methods adopted by important authors from that time period regarding incineration techniques and cremation methods.
自 1865 年起，统一政府根据公共卫生发布的法规规定了丧葬习俗的行政和政治控制。具体而言，它们规范了公墓和葬礼的管理，越来越多地将葬礼仪式从教会和天主教的控制中抽离出来，从而将死亡世俗化，以构建一种新的政治宗教。为了推广火化作为一种保护遗体完整的系统，卫生变得至关重要，将骨灰保存为身体物质的有形和不可破坏的产物，并通过消除因尸体烟雾引起的瘴气污染空气的风险来保护公共健康。19 世纪 70 年代初，火化开始在伦巴第-威尼托和撒丁岛等地传播，这是新意大利国家进步政策的一种表现，与旧的天主教宗教传统相对立。本文旨在强调火化在复兴运动时期所具有的政治意义的关键方面，同时还说明了当时的重要作者在火化技术和火化方法方面所采用的方法。
