Sutherland Dez-Ann A T, Honaker Christa F, Gilbert Elizabeth R, Andersson Leif, Siegel Paul B
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 USA.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 597, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Poult Sci. 2019 Oct 25;56(4):245-252. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0180098.
Responses of an individual to food deprivation, such as a 16-h fast, are complex, and are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Domestication is an ongoing process during which adaptations to changing environments occur over generations. Food deprivation by their caretakers is less for domestic chickens than for their junglefowl ancestors. Unlike domestic chicken, the junglefowl adapted over generations to periods of food deprivation, which may be reflected in differences in metabolic responses to brief periods without food. Here, we compared the blood glucose and plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) among four populations when deprived of feed for 16 h. The four populations included a domestic White Rock experimental line (LWS) maintained for generations under feeding, adult red junglefowl (RJF), and a reciprocal cross of the lines. Although there were significant differences in adult (31-week) body weight between the RJF (683 g) and LWS (1282 g), with the weight of F crosses being intermediate, the amount of abdominal fat relative to body weight was similar for all populations. Patterns for blood glucose responses to a glucose bolus after a 16-h fast were similar for the initial and final points in the parental and cross populations. However, RJF reached their peak faster than LWS, with the reciprocal cross intermediate to the parental populations. Plasma NEFA concentrations were higher after the 16-h fast than in fed states, with no population differences for the fasting state. However, in the fed state, NEFA levels were lesser for LWS than for others, which was reflected further in percentage change from fed to fasted. This larger change in LWS suggests differences in mobilization of energy substrates and implies that during domestication or development of the LWS line, thresholds for responses to acute stressors may have increased.
个体对食物剥夺（如16小时禁食）的反应是复杂的，并且受到环境和遗传因素的影响。驯化是一个持续的过程，在此过程中，对不断变化的环境的适应会历经数代发生。与原鸡祖先相比，家鸡被其饲养者剥夺食物的情况较少。与家鸡不同，原鸡历经数代适应了食物匮乏期，这可能反映在对短时间无食物状态的代谢反应差异上。在此，我们比较了四个群体在禁食16小时后血液中的葡萄糖和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）水平。这四个群体包括一个在限饲条件下维持了几代的家鸡白洛克实验品系（LWS）、成年红原鸡（RJF）以及这两个品系的正反交群体。尽管RJF（683克）和LWS（1282克）的成年（31周龄）体重存在显著差异，F代杂交种的体重处于中间水平，但所有群体相对于体重的腹部脂肪量相似。在禁食16小时后给予葡萄糖推注时，亲本群体和杂交群体在初始和最终点的血糖反应模式相似。然而，RJF达到峰值的速度比LWS快，正反交群体则介于亲本群体之间。禁食16小时后的血浆NEFA浓度高于进食状态，禁食状态下各群体之间没有差异。然而，在进食状态下，LWS的NEFA水平低于其他群体，这在从进食到禁食状态的百分比变化中进一步体现出来。LWS的这种较大变化表明能量底物动员存在差异，意味着在LWS品系的驯化或培育过程中，对急性应激源的反应阈值可能有所提高。
