Understanding the pharmacokinetics of prodrug and metabolite.

This tutorial explains the pharmacokinetics of a prodrug and its active metabolite (or parent drug) using a two-step, consecutive, first-order irreversible reaction as a basic model for prodrug metabolism. In this model, the prodrug is metabolized and produces the parent drug, which is subsequently eliminated. The mathematical expressions for pharmacokinetic parameters were derived step by step. In addition, we visualized these expressions to help understand the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters easily. For the elimination rate-limited and formation rate-limited metabolism, we analyzed the plasma drug concentration versus time curve of a prodrug administered intravenously.