用尿素-磷酸反应制备淀粉衍生物及其对可膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料燃烧性能的影响。

The preparation of starch derivatives reacted with urea-phosphoric acid and effects on fire performance of expandable polystyrene foams.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.

State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.

出版信息

Carbohydr Polym. 2020 Apr 1;233:115841. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115841. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115841

PMID:32059893

Abstract

A novel bio-based flame retardant, ammonium phosphate starch carbamates (APSC) was synthesized from starch, phosphoric acid and urea to achieve better thermal stability and char formation. Flame retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS) were prepared by coating method with APSC. The fire resistance evaluation of EPS composites by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and cone calorimeter tests indicated that the addition of 47 wt.% of APSC enhanced the LOI from 17.6%-35.2%, with V-0 rating in UL-94, and decreased the peak heat release rate from 666 kW/m to 316 kW/m. Moreover, the total smoke production was also sharply decreased from 70 m of pure EPS to 17 m. By the presence of APSC, the substantial char formation prevented the heat and oxygen transfer, and interrupted the releasing of flammable products, thus protecting the EPS foam from burning.

摘要

一种新型的生物基阻燃剂，磷酸淀粉氨基甲酸酯（APSC）是由淀粉、磷酸和尿素合成的，以获得更好的热稳定性和炭形成。通过涂布法制备了含 APSC 的膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（EPS）。用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）和锥形量热计试验对 EPS 复合材料的阻燃性能进行评估，结果表明，添加 47wt%的 APSC 可将 LOI 从 17.6%提高到 35.2%，UL-94 达到 V-0 级，将峰值热释放率从 666kW/m 降低到 316kW/m。此外，总烟释放量也从纯 EPS 的 70m 急剧下降到 17m。APSC 的存在促进了大量炭的形成，阻止了热量和氧气的传递，并中断了易燃产物的释放，从而保护了 EPS 泡沫塑料不被燃烧。