Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31400, Toulouse, France.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2020;429:19-62. doi: 10.1007/82_2020_197.
The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the innate immune system and as such plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of invading pathogens. While physical barriers like the mucociliary escalator exert their effects through the clearance of these pathogens, diverse and dynamic cellular mechanisms exist for the activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on a number of myeloid cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils found in the respiratory tract. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs that play a pivotal role in the innate immune response and its regulation to a variety of respiratory pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. This chapter will describe the function of both activating and inhibiting myeloid CLRs in the recognition of a number of important respiratory pathogens as well as the signaling events initiated by these receptors.
呼吸道的任务是应对源源不断的大量外来物质。它是先天免疫系统的重要第一道防线，因此在防止入侵病原体进入方面发挥着关键作用。虽然像黏液纤毛清除系统这样的物理屏障通过清除这些病原体发挥作用，但通过识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）激活先天免疫反应存在多样化和动态的细胞机制。这些 PAMPs 被表达在呼吸道中发现的多种髓样细胞（如树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞）上的模式识别受体（PRRs）识别。C 型凝集素受体（CLRs）是 PRRs，在先天免疫反应及其对多种呼吸道病原体（如病毒、细菌和真菌）的调节中发挥关键作用。本章将描述激活和抑制髓样 CLRs 在识别一些重要呼吸道病原体中的作用，以及这些受体引发的信号事件。
