Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO.
Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO.
Sleep Health. 2020 Aug;6(4):489-494. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.002. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently labeled sleep deprivation an epidemic in America with 35% of Americans reporting less than the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep each night. A recent study in France found that people experiencing homelessness sleep less and experience increased daytime fatigue as compared with the general population. Sleep intervention and research are rarely the focus for this population resulting in insufficient literature and knowledge to date on sleep health in people experiencing homelessness.
The objective of this study was to determine quality, quantity, supports, and barriers to sleep within a homeless population.
A mixed-methods survey was conducted to obtain data on sleep in the homeless population.
32 English-speaking adults experiencing homelessness were recruited from a local homeless organization.
A web-based survey and two self-report standardized assessments were administered. Standardized assessments included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form v1.0-Fatigue 13a and the PROMIS Short Form v1.0-Sleep Disturbance 8b.
Seventy-five percent of participants report getting less than the 7-9 recommended hours of sleep per night. Participants scored almost one standard deviation above the mean on both PROMIS measures demonstrating greater fatigue and sleep disturbance as compared with the general population. Four themes were identified via qualitative analysis: lack of environmental control, emotion and thought, substance use as a sleep aid, and sleep is important for health and daily function.
Results indicate a need for sleep hygiene intervention within the homeless population. Sleep deprivation is a barrier to the population's ability to obtaining housing.
疾病控制与预防中心最近将睡眠不足标记为美国的一种流行病，有 35%的美国人报告每晚睡眠时间少于建议的 7-9 小时。法国的一项最近研究发现，无家可归者的睡眠时间更短，白天疲劳感增加，与一般人群相比。睡眠干预和研究很少成为这一人群的关注焦点，导致迄今为止关于无家可归者睡眠健康的文献和知识不足。
本研究旨在确定无家可归者群体的睡眠质量、数量、支持和障碍。
采用混合方法调查来获取无家可归者群体的睡眠数据。
从当地一个无家可归者组织招募了 32 名讲英语的成年无家可归者。
进行了基于网络的调查和两项自我报告的标准化评估。标准化评估包括患者报告的结局测量信息系统（PROMIS）短表 v1.0-疲劳 13a 和 PROMIS 短表 v1.0-睡眠障碍 8b。
75%的参与者报告每晚睡眠时间少于建议的 7-9 小时。与一般人群相比，参与者在两项 PROMIS 测量中得分均高于平均值一个标准差，表明疲劳和睡眠障碍更为严重。通过定性分析确定了四个主题：缺乏环境控制、情绪和思维、将物质使用作为助眠手段、以及睡眠对健康和日常功能很重要。
结果表明，无家可归者群体需要进行睡眠卫生干预。睡眠不足是该人群获得住房能力的障碍。
